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膝置换术后内/外翻畸形对线对胫骨近端骨应变的影响:一项精确有限元研究

Effect of varus/valgus malalignment on bone strains in the proximal tibia after TKR: an explicit finite element study.

作者信息

Perillo-Marcone A, Taylor M

机构信息

Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire 5017 1BJ, UK.

出版信息

J Biomech Eng. 2007 Feb;129(1):1-11. doi: 10.1115/1.2401177.

Abstract

Malalignment is the main cause of tibial component loosening. Implants that migrate rapidly in the first two post-operative years are likely to present aseptic loosening. It has been suggested that cancellous bone stresses can be correlated with tibial component migration. A recent study has shown that patient-specific finite element (FE) models have the power to predict the short-term behavior of tibial trays. The stresses generated within the implanted tibia are dependent on the kinematics of the joint; however, previous studies have ignored the kinematics and only applied static loads. Using explicit FE, it is possible to simultaneously predict the kinematics and stresses during a gait cycle. The aim of this study was to examine the cancellous bone strains during the stance phase of the gait cycle, for varying degrees of varus/valgus eccentric loading using explicit FE. A patient-specific model of a proximal tibia was created from CT scan images, including heterogeneous bone properties. The proximal tibia was implanted with a commercial total knee replacement (TKR) model. The stance phase of gait was simulated and the applied loads and boundary conditions were based on those used for the Stanmore knee simulator. Eccentric loading was simulated. As well as examining the tibial bone strains (minimum and maximum principal strain), the kinematics of the bone-implant construct are also reported. The maximum anterior-posterior displacements and internal-external rotations were produced by the model with 20 mm offset. The peak minimum and maximum principal strain values increased as the load was shifted laterally, reaching a maximum magnitude for -20 mm offset. This suggests that when in varus, the load transferred to the bone is shifted medially, and as the bone supporting this load is stiffer, the resulting peak bone strains are lower than when the load is shifted laterally (valgus). For this particular patient, the TKR design analyzed produced the highest cancellous bone strains when in valgus. This study has provided an insight in the variations produced in bone strain distribution when the axial load is applied eccentrically. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the bone strain distribution of a proximal implanted tibia has been examined, also accounting for the kinematics of the tibio-femoral joint as part of the simulation. This approach gives greater insight into the overall performance of TKR.

摘要

力线不良是胫骨假体松动的主要原因。在术后头两年内快速移位的植入物很可能会出现无菌性松动。有人提出,松质骨应力可能与胫骨假体移位相关。最近一项研究表明,患者特异性有限元(FE)模型有能力预测胫骨托的短期行为。植入胫骨内产生的应力取决于关节的运动学;然而,以往研究忽略了运动学,仅施加静载荷。使用显式有限元,可以同时预测步态周期中的运动学和应力。本研究的目的是使用显式有限元,研究步态周期站立相期间,不同程度内翻/外翻偏心载荷下的松质骨应变。根据CT扫描图像创建了一个患者特异性的胫骨近端模型,包括非均匀的骨特性。胫骨近端植入了一个商用全膝关节置换(TKR)模型。模拟了步态的站立相,施加的载荷和边界条件基于用于斯坦莫尔膝关节模拟器的那些条件。模拟了偏心载荷。除了研究胫骨骨应变(最小和最大主应变)外,还报告了骨-植入物结构的运动学。最大前后位移和内外旋转是由偏移量为20 mm的模型产生的。随着载荷向外侧移动,最小和最大主应变峰值增加,在偏移量为-20 mm时达到最大幅度。这表明,在内翻时,传递到骨上的载荷向内侧移动,由于支撑该载荷的骨更硬,因此产生的峰值骨应变低于载荷向外侧移动(外翻)时的情况。对于该特定患者,所分析的TKR设计在外翻时产生了最高的松质骨应变。本研究提供了关于偏心施加轴向载荷时骨应变分布变化的见解。据作者所知,这是首次研究近端植入胫骨的骨应变分布,并且在模拟中考虑了胫股关节的运动学。这种方法能更深入地了解TKR的整体性能。

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