Zhang Xucheng, Shangguan Zhouping
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2006 Nov;17(11):2064-9.
Under field condition, this paper measured the leaf gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic pigments content of different drought-resistance wheat varieties at all growth stages, with their responses to different nitrogen fertilization levels studied. The results showed that in treatment N180, the leaf G(s), P(n), and total photosynthetic pigments content of dry land varieties increased by 43.75%, 18.54% and 49.66% , while those of watered land varieties increased by 12.12% , 20.88% and 29.25%, respectively, compared with control. On the contrary, the respiration rate of dry land and watered land varieties decreased by 4.8% and 4.5%, respectively. Nitrogen supply accelerated the photosynthetic carbon assimilation, because the gas exchange capacity and photosynthetic pigments content increased while the respiration rate decreased with increasing nitrogen supply. The difference in photosynthetic capacity between different winter varieties was mainly dependent on non - stomatal factors. The dry land varieties had higher capacities of light energy absorption and photosynthetic carbon assimilation, because they had higher leaf photosynthetic pigments content but lower respiration rate. Compared with watered land varieties, dry land varieties had an 8.9% decrease of respiration rate and a 14.12% increase of P(n). At the same growth stage, the photosynthetic and respiration rates in the control varied consistently, while in treatments N180 and N360, the photosynthetic rate increased but the respiration rate decreased. Nitrogen fertilization promoted the absorbed light energy allocating to the process of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. It could be concluded that nitrogen supply was favorable to the improvement of winter wheat drought-resistance, because it could improve leaf gas exchange capacity, increase leaf photosynthetic pigments content, and optimize the allocation of absorbed light energy.
在田间条件下，本文测定了不同抗旱性小麦品种全生育期的叶片气体交换参数和光合色素含量，并研究了它们对不同施氮水平的响应。结果表明，在N180处理下，旱地品种叶片的气孔导度（Gs）、净光合速率（Pn）和光合色素总含量分别比对照增加了43.75%、18.54%和49.66%，而水浇地品种分别增加了12.12%、20.88%和29.25%。相反，旱地和水浇地品种的呼吸速率分别下降了4.8%和4.5%。施氮促进了光合碳同化，因为随着施氮量增加，气体交换能力和光合色素含量增加，而呼吸速率下降。不同冬小麦品种光合能力的差异主要取决于非气孔因素。旱地品种具有较高的光能吸收和光合碳同化能力，因为它们的叶片光合色素含量较高，但呼吸速率较低。与水浇地品种相比，旱地品种的呼吸速率下降了8.9%，净光合速率增加了14.12%。在相同生育期，对照中的光合速率和呼吸速率变化一致，而在N180和N360处理中，光合速率增加但呼吸速率下降。施氮促进了吸收的光能分配到光合碳同化过程中。可以得出结论，施氮有利于提高冬小麦的抗旱性，因为它可以提高叶片气体交换能力，增加叶片光合色素含量，并优化吸收光能的分配。
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