Kiianmaa K, Stenius K, Sinclair J D
Research Laboratories, State Alcohol Company (Alko Ltd), Helsinki, Finland.
Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1991;1:115-20.
A selective breeding program conducted in this laboratory has resulted in the establishment of the alcohol-preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) and alcohol-avoiding ANA (Alko Nonalcohol) rat lines. These lines have been used as a tool for attempting to identify the behavioral, neurochemical, and biochemical correlates of differential voluntary ethanol consumption. Some of the differences that have been found between the lines involve differential reinforcement: AA rats, but not ANA rats, rapidly acquire an ethanol-reinforced operant response. The AA's greater development of tolerance to the depressant effects of ethanol and their faster ethanol metabolism would also allow them to drink more. Neurochemical studies have suggested differential functioning of brain monoaminergic mechanisms. The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase, and the brain dopamine concentrations are higher in the AA rats than in the ANA rats, and the maximal number of dopamine D2 receptors is lower in the AA rats. The concentration of noradrenaline is higher in the brain of ANA rats than in that of AA rats, while the 5-hydroxytryptamine levels do not seem to differ greatly. The importance of these differences to the line difference in ethanol intake is not, however, clear, since there appears to be no difference in the sensitivity of monoamine systems of the two lines to ethanol.
本实验室开展的一项选择性育种计划已培育出了嗜酒的AA（阿尔科酒精）大鼠品系和厌酒的ANA（阿尔科非酒精）大鼠品系。这些品系已被用作一种工具，试图确定不同的自愿乙醇摄入量的行为、神经化学和生化相关性。已发现这两个品系之间的一些差异涉及不同的强化作用：AA大鼠能迅速习得乙醇强化的操作性反应，而ANA大鼠则不能。AA大鼠对乙醇抑制作用的耐受性更强，且乙醇代谢更快，这也使它们能摄入更多乙醇。神经化学研究表明，大脑单胺能机制存在不同的功能。AA大鼠中酪氨酸羟化酶和多巴脱羧酶的活性以及大脑多巴胺浓度均高于ANA大鼠，而AA大鼠中多巴胺D2受体的最大数量则较低。ANA大鼠大脑中的去甲肾上腺素浓度高于AA大鼠，而5-羟色胺水平似乎没有太大差异。然而，这些差异对两个品系乙醇摄入量差异的重要性尚不清楚，因为这两个品系的单胺系统对乙醇的敏感性似乎没有差异。
