当食肉动物“吃饱且慵懒”时。

When carnivores are "full and lazy".

作者信息

Jeschke Jonathan M

机构信息

Section of Evolutionary Ecology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

出版信息

Oecologia. 2007 May;152(2):357-64. doi: 10.1007/s00442-006-0654-2. Epub 2007 Feb 10.

Abstract

Are animals usually hungry and busily looking for food, or do they often meet their energetic and other needs in the 24 h of a day? Focusing on carnivores, I provide evidence for the latter scenario. I develop a model that predicts the minimum food abundance at which a carnivore reaches satiation and is released from time constraints. Literature data from five invertebrate and vertebrate species suggest that food abundances experienced in the field often exceed this threshold. A comparison of energetic demands to kill rates also suggests that carnivores often reach satiation: for the 16 bird and mammal species analyzed, this frequency is 88% (average across species). Because pressure of time would likely lead to trade-offs in time allocation and thus to a nonsatiating food consumption, these results suggest that carnivores are often released from time constraints.

摘要

动物通常是饥饿并忙于觅食,还是在一天24小时内经常能满足其能量及其他需求呢?聚焦于食肉动物,我为后一种情况提供了证据。我构建了一个模型,该模型可预测食肉动物达到饱腹感并从时间限制中解脱出来时的最低食物丰度。来自五种无脊椎动物和脊椎动物物种的文献数据表明,在野外所经历的食物丰度常常超过这个阈值。对能量需求与猎杀率的比较也表明食肉动物常常能达到饱腹感:对于所分析的16种鸟类和哺乳动物物种而言,这种情况的出现频率为88%(各物种的平均值)。由于时间压力可能会导致时间分配上的权衡,进而导致非饱腹感的食物消耗,所以这些结果表明食肉动物常常能从时间限制中解脱出来。

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