Evaluation of effects of polymorphism for metabolic enzymes on pharmacokinetics of carvedilol by population pharmacokinetic analysis.

In our previous study it was observed that the frequencies of UGT1A16, UGT2B73 and CYP2D610 in patients who have a low level ability of glucuronidation were significantly higher than those in patients with a high level of ability of glucuronidation. The same tendency was found in the frequency of CYP2D65, though there was no significant difference. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of carvedilol by population pharmacokinetic analysis. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using 373 plasma concentrations from 41 patients with chronic heart failure or angina pectoris. A one compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption (for oral dosing) was used to describe the concentration-versus-time data for carvedilol. We examined the effects of various clinical and genetic covariables in the regression models for clearance and volume of distribution. The results suggested that the factors of interindividual variation for carvedilol clearance were creatinine clearance and polymorphisms of UGT2B7 and CYP2D6 in the Japanese population with heart disease. It was estimated that UGT2B73 decreased the clearance of carvedilol by 37%, but UGT2B72 did not show any effect. Clearance in the patients who have intermediate activity of CYP2D6 was decreased by 39%.