Olive Colleen
The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2007 Feb;9(1):25-34.
Infection with the human bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS) is estimated to cause over 500,000 deaths per year, the majority of which are related to rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). While GAS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally, the burden of GAS-associated diseases is greater in less developed countries and in indigenous populations of developed countries. The antiphagocytic bacterial surface M protein is a major candidate antigen in the development of a vaccine to prevent GAS infection and RF/RHD. A major obstacle, however, in the development of an M-protein-based vaccine is the widespread diversity of circulating GAS strains and M protein types. Added to this is the possibility of inducing autoimmunity following vaccination as a result of molecular mimicry between the M protein and host tissue proteins. Research has been aimed at the development of a safe GAS vaccine that is able to induce broad-coverage protective immunity. The development of subunit vaccine approaches targeting the M protein using various vaccine delivery technologies is the focus of this review.
据估计，人类细菌病原体A群链球菌（GAS）感染每年导致超过50万人死亡，其中大多数与风湿热（RF）和风湿性心脏病（RHD）有关。虽然GAS是全球发病和死亡的重要原因，但在欠发达国家和发达国家的原住民中，GAS相关疾病的负担更大。抗吞噬细菌表面M蛋白是开发预防GAS感染和RF/RHD疫苗的主要候选抗原。然而，基于M蛋白的疫苗开发中的一个主要障碍是循环GAS菌株和M蛋白类型的广泛多样性。此外，由于M蛋白与宿主组织蛋白之间的分子模拟，疫苗接种后有可能诱发自身免疫。研究一直致力于开发一种能够诱导广泛保护性免疫的安全GAS疫苗。本综述的重点是使用各种疫苗递送技术针对M蛋白开发亚单位疫苗的方法。
