应用于婴幼儿及成人耳耳声发射的中耳正反传理论。
Theory of forward and reverse middle-ear transmission applied to otoacoustic emissions in infant and adult ears.
作者信息
Keefe Douglas H, Abdala Carolina
机构信息
Boys Town National Research Hospital, 555 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
出版信息
J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Feb;121(2):978-93. doi: 10.1121/1.2427128.
The purpose of this study is to understand why otoacoustic emission (OAE) levels are higher in normal-hearing human infants relative to adults. In a previous study, distortion product (DP) OAE input/output (I/O) functions were shown to differ at f2 = 6 kHz in adults compared to infants through 6 months of age. These DPOAE I/0 functions were used to noninvasively assess immaturities in forward/reverse transmission through the ear canal and middle ear [Abdala, C., and Keefe, D. H., (2006). J. Acoust Soc. Am. 120, 3832-3842]. In the present study, ear-canal reflectance and DPOAEs measured in the same ears were analyzed using a scattering-matrix model of forward and reverse transmission in the ear canal, middle ear, and cochlea. Reflectance measurements were sensitive to frequency-dependent effects of ear-canal and middle-ear transmission that differed across OAE type and subject age. Results indicated that DPOAE levels were larger in infants mainly because the reverse middle-ear transmittance level varied with ear-canal area, which differed by more than a factor of 7 between term infants and adults. The forward middle-ear transmittance level was -16 dB less in infants, so that the conductive efficiency was poorer in infants than adults.
本研究的目的是了解为什么听力正常的人类婴儿的耳声发射（OAE）水平相对于成年人更高。在先前的一项研究中，与6个月以下的婴儿相比，成人在f2 = 6 kHz时的畸变产物（DP）耳声发射输入/输出（I/O）函数有所不同。这些DPOAE的I/O函数被用于通过耳道和中耳对正向/反向传输中的不成熟情况进行无创评估[阿卜杜拉，C.，和基夫，D. H.，（2006年）。《美国声学学会杂志》120，3832 - 3842]。在本研究中，使用耳道、中耳和耳蜗正向和反向传输的散射矩阵模型，对在同一耳朵中测量的耳道反射率和DPOAE进行了分析。反射率测量对耳道和中耳传输的频率依赖性效应敏感，这些效应因OAE类型和受试者年龄而异。结果表明，婴儿的DPOAE水平较高主要是因为中耳反向传输水平随耳道面积而变化，足月儿和成年人之间的耳道面积相差超过7倍。婴儿的中耳正向传输水平低16 dB，因此婴儿的传导效率比成年人差。
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