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具有顺式,顺式-1,3,5-三氨基环己烷衍生物的Cu(I)配合物的合成、表征及与双氧的反应活性:一种表现出更高C-H活化作用的Cu(III)2O2中间体

Syntheses, characterization, and dioxygen reactivities of Cu(I) complexes with cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane derivatives: a Cu(III)2O2 intermediate exhibiting higher C-H activation.

作者信息

Kajita Yuji, Arii Hidekazu, Saito Takahiro, Saito Yamato, Nagatomo Shigenori, Kitagawa Teizo, Funahashi Yasuhiro, Ozawa Tomohiro, Masuda Hideki

机构信息

Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.

出版信息

Inorg Chem. 2007 Apr 16;46(8):3322-35. doi: 10.1021/ic062206s. Epub 2007 Mar 20.

Abstract

Six Cu(I) complexes with cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane derivatives (R3CY, R = Et, iBu, and Bn), [Cu(MeCN)(Et3CY)]SbF6 (1), [Cu(MeCN)(iBu3CY)]SbF6 (2), [Cu(MeCN)(Bn3CY)]SbF6 (3), [Cu(CO)(Et3CY)]SbF6 (4), [Cu(CO)(iBu3CY)]SbF6 (5), and [Cu(CO)(Bn3CY)]SbF6 (6), were prepared to probe the ability of copper complexes to effectively catalyze oxygenation reactions. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, electrochemical and X-ray structure analyses, electronic absorption spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of 1-3 and 6 and the CO stretching vibrations (nuCO) of 4-6 demonstrate that the ability of R3CY to donate electron density to the Cu(I) atom is stronger than that of the previously reported ligands, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (R3TACN) and 1,4,7-triazacyclodecane (R3TACD). Reactions of complexes 1-3 with dioxygen in THF or CH2Cl2 at -105 to -80 degrees C yield bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) complexes 7-9 as intermediates as confirmed by electronic absorption spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The Cu-O stretching vibrations, nu(Cu-O) for 7 (16O2: 553, 581 cm-1and 18O2: 547 cm-1) and 8 (16O2: 571 cm-1 and 18O2: 544 cm-1), are observed in a lower energy region than previously reported for bis(micro-oxo) complexes. The decomposition rates of complexes 7-9 in THF at -90 degrees C are 2.78 x 10-4 for 7, 8.04 x 10-4 for 8, and 3.80 x 10-4 s-1 for 9. The decomposition rates of 7 and 8 in CH2Cl2 were 5.62 x 10-4 and 1.62 x 10-3 s-1, respectively, and the thermal stabilities of 7-9 in CH2Cl2 are lower than the values measured for the complexes in THF. The decomposition reactions obeyed first-order kinetics, and the H/D isotope experiments for 8 and 9 indicate that the N-dealkylation reaction is the rate-determining step in the decomposition processes. On the other hand, the decomposition reaction of 7 in THF results in the oxidation of THF (acting as an exogenous substrate) to give 2-hydroxy tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone as oxidation products. Detailed investigation of the N-dealkylation reaction for 8 by kinetic experiments using N-H/D at -90 degrees C showed a kinetic isotope effect of 1.25, indicating that a weak electrostatic interaction between the N-H hydrogen and mu-oxo oxygen contributes to the major effect on the rate-determining step of N-dealkylation. X-ray crystal structures of the bis(micro-hydroxo)dicopper(II) complexes, Cu2(OH)2(Et3CY)22 (10), Cu2(OH)2(iBu3CY)22 (11), and Cu2(OH)2(Bn3CY)22 (12), which have independently been prepared as the final products of bis(micro-oxo)dicopper(III) intermediates, suggest that an effective interaction between N-H and mu-oxo in the Cu(III)2(micro-O)2 core may enhance the oxidation ability of the metal-oxo species.

摘要

制备了六种含有顺式,顺式 -1,3,5 - 三氨基环己烷衍生物(R3CY,R = 乙基、异丁基和苄基)的Cu(I)配合物,即[Cu(MeCN)(Et3CY)]SbF6 (1)、[Cu(MeCN)(iBu3CY)]SbF6 (2)、[Cu(MeCN)(Bn3CY)]SbF6 (3)、[Cu(CO)(Et3CY)]SbF6 (4)、[Cu(CO)(iBu3CY)]SbF6 (5)和[Cu(CO)(Bn3CY)]SbF6 (6),以探究铜配合物有效催化氧化反应的能力。通过元素分析、电化学和X射线结构分析、电子吸收光谱、红外光谱、1H NMR光谱和ESI质谱对这些配合物进行了表征。1 - 3和6的晶体结构以及4 - 6的CO伸缩振动(νCO)表明,R3CY向Cu(I)原子提供电子密度的能力比先前报道的配体1,4,7 - 三氮杂环壬烷(R3TACN)和1,4,7 - 三氮杂环癸烷(R3TACD)更强。配合物1 - 3与氧气在 - 105至 - 80℃的THF或CH2Cl2中反应生成双(μ - 氧)二铜(III)配合物7 - 9作为中间体,这通过电子吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱得到证实。7(16O2:553、581 cm-1和18O2:547 cm-1)和8(16O2:571 cm-1和18O2:544 cm-1)的Cu - O伸缩振动,ν(Cu - O),在比先前报道的双(μ - 氧)配合物更低的能量区域被观察到。配合物7 - 9在 - 90℃的THF中的分解速率,7为2.78×10-4,8为8.04×10-4,9为3.80×10-4 s-1。7和8在CH2Cl2中的分解速率分别为5.62×10-4和1.62×10-3 s-1,并且7 - 9在CH2Cl2中的热稳定性低于在THF中测量的配合物的值。分解反应遵循一级动力学,并且8和9的H/D同位素实验表明N-脱烷基化反应是分解过程中的速率决定步骤。另一方面,7在THF中的分解反应导致THF(作为外源性底物)氧化,生成2 - 羟基四氢呋喃和γ - 丁内酯作为氧化产物。通过在 - 90℃使用N - H/D对8进行动力学实验对N-脱烷基化反应进行的详细研究表明动力学同位素效应为1.25,表明N - H氢与μ - 氧之间的弱静电相互作用对N-脱烷基化的速率决定步骤有主要影响。双(μ - 羟基)二铜(II)配合物Cu2(OH)2(Et3CY)22 (10)、Cu2(OH)2(iBu3CY)22 (11)和Cu2(OH)2(Bn3CY)22 (12)的X射线晶体结构,它们是作为双(μ - 氧)二铜(III)中间体的最终产物独立制备的,表明在Cu(III)2(μ - O)2核心中N - H与μ - 氧之间的有效相互作用可能增强金属 - 氧物种的氧化能力。

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