Circulating antidiuretic hormone in the X-irradiated rat.

Male rats exposed to 500 R of whole-body x-irradiation were allowed food and water ad libitum and housed in metabolism cages; water and food intake and urinary and fecal excretion were recorded daily. Urine output increased 200% during the first 24 hours after irradiation. No significant changes occurred in daily sodium, potassium, urea, or total solute excretion, although calcium excretion approximately doubled after irradiation. The marked increase in free water excretion implicates antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in this phenomenon. Application of a sensitive bioassay for ADH permitted measurement of plasma ADH concentrations in undisturbed, unanesthetized rats before and after irradiation. ADH levels were lower and frequently not detectable 24 hours after exposure. High ADH levels, however, could be provoked in irradiated rats by hemorrhage, indicating that the receptor cells and secretory ability of the posterior pituitary remained intact. Furthermore, irradiated rats responded normally to small intravenous injections (4 to 8 microU) of exogenous ADH. Rats with congenital diabetes insipidus given daily injections of Pitressin showed no postirradiation diuresis. Lastly, increased urinary calcium excretion may result from hypercalcemia which is known to induce diuresis through calcium-vasopressin antagonism. These results further suggest that the diuretic response is due to decreased circulating ADH.