Singh Sarika, Dikshit Madhu
Division of Toxicology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India.
Brain Res Rev. 2007 Jun;54(2):233-50. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.02.001. Epub 2007 Feb 7.
Apoptosis of nigral dopaminergic neurons by various mechanisms is an emerging phenomenon involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways seems to be involved in death of nigral neurons, intrinsic pathway however, seems to be more important due to the energy crisis. Apoptosis by intrinsic pathway is executed by several initiators and effector caspases, which have been found activated in PD patients, experimental models as well as in neuronal cultures. Nitric oxide (NO) seems to be a central molecule due to its ability to modulate both pro and antiapoptotic phenomenon. The review focuses on the diverse extrinsic and intrinsic factors, signaling pathways and their modulation by NO leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons.
通过各种机制导致的黑质多巴胺能神经元凋亡是帕金森病（PD）中多巴胺能神经元变性所涉及的一种新出现的现象。外在和内在途径似乎都参与了黑质神经元的死亡，然而，由于能量危机，内在途径似乎更为重要。内在途径介导的凋亡由几种起始和效应半胱天冬酶执行，这些酶已在PD患者、实验模型以及神经元培养物中被发现处于激活状态。一氧化氮（NO）似乎是一个核心分子，因为它有能力调节促凋亡和抗凋亡现象。这篇综述聚焦于导致多巴胺能神经元死亡的各种外在和内在因素、信号通路以及NO对它们的调节作用。
