捕食者 - 猎物系统中的栖息地选择:由于相互作用的适应性运动导致的空间不稳定性。

Habitat choice in predator-prey systems: spatial instability due to interacting adaptive movements.

作者信息

Abrams Peter A

机构信息

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Zoology Building, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.

出版信息

Am Nat. 2007 May;169(5):581-94. doi: 10.1086/512688. Epub 2007 Feb 27.

Abstract

The role of habitat choice behavior in the dynamics of predator-prey systems is explored using simple mathematical models. The models assume a three-species food chain in which each population is distributed across two or more habitats. The predator and prey adjust their locations dynamically to maximize individual per capita growth, while the prey's resource has a low rate of random movement. The two consumer species have Type II functional responses. For many parameter sets, the populations cycle, with predator and prey "chasing" each other back and forth between habitats. The cycles are driven by the aggregation of prey, which is advantageous because the predator's saturating functional response induces a short-term positive density dependence in prey fitness. The advantage of aggregation in a patch is only temporary because resources are depleted and predators move to or reproduce faster in the habitat with the largest number of prey, perpetuating the cycle. Such spatial cycling can stabilize population densities and qualitatively change the responses of population densities to environmental perturbations. These models show that the coupled processes of moving to habitats with higher fitness in predator and prey may often fail to produce ideal free distributions across habitats.

摘要

利用简单的数学模型探讨了栖息地选择行为在捕食者 - 猎物系统动态中的作用。这些模型假设存在一个三物种食物链,其中每个种群分布在两个或更多的栖息地。捕食者和猎物动态调整它们的位置以最大化个体人均增长率,而猎物的资源具有低随机移动率。这两个消费者物种具有II型功能反应。对于许多参数集,种群会循环,捕食者和猎物在栖息地之间来回“追逐”。这些循环由猎物的聚集驱动,这是有利的,因为捕食者的饱和功能反应在猎物适合度中诱导了短期的正密度依赖性。斑块中聚集的优势只是暂时的,因为资源会耗尽,捕食者会迁移到猎物数量最多的栖息地或在那里更快地繁殖,从而使循环持续下去。这种空间循环可以稳定种群密度,并定性地改变种群密度对环境扰动的反应。这些模型表明,捕食者和猎物向具有更高适合度的栖息地移动的耦合过程可能常常无法在栖息地之间产生理想的自由分布。

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