Erkens Roy H J, Chatrou Lars W, Maas Jan W, van der Niet Timotheüs, Savolainen Vincent
Institute of Environmental Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Biodiversity, Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Utrecht University Branch, CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2007 Jul;44(1):399-411. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.017. Epub 2007 Feb 25.
Several recent studies have suggested that a substantial portion of today's plant diversity in the Neotropics has resulted from the dispersal of taxa into that region rather than vicariance, but more data are needed to substantiate this claim. Guatteria (Annonaceae) is, with 265 species, the third largest genus of Neotropical trees after Inga (Fabaceae) and Ocotea (Lauraceae), and its widespread distribution and frequent occurrence makes the genus an excellent model taxon to study diversification patterns. This study reconstructed the phylogeny of Guatteria and inferred three major biogeographical events in the history of the genus: (1) a trans-oceanic Miocene migration from Central into South America before the closing of the Isthmus of Panama; (2) a major diversification of the lineage within South America; and (3) several migrations of South American lineages back into Central America via the closed Panamanian land bridge. Therefore, Guatteria is not an Amazonian centred-genus sensu Gentry but a major Miocene diversification that followed its dispersal into South America. This study provides further evidence that migration into the Neotropics was an important factor in the historical assembly of its biodiversity. Furthermore, it is shown that phylogenetic patterns are comparable to those found in Ocotea and Inga and that a closer comparison of these genera is desirable.
最近的几项研究表明，当今新热带地区植物多样性的很大一部分是由分类群扩散到该地区所致，而非地理隔离，但需要更多数据来证实这一说法。瓜特利亚属（番荔枝科）有265个物种，是继豆科的印加属和樟科的月桂属之后新热带地区第三大树属，其广泛的分布和频繁的出现使该属成为研究多样化模式的极佳模式分类群。本研究重建了瓜特利亚属的系统发育，并推断出该属历史上的三个主要生物地理事件：（1）在巴拿马地峡关闭之前，中新世时期从北美洲中部跨洋迁移到南美洲；（2）该谱系在南美洲内部的一次主要多样化；（3）南美洲的几个谱系通过已闭合的巴拿马陆桥再次迁移回北美洲中部。因此，瓜特利亚属并非像金特里所定义的那样是以亚马逊地区为中心的属，而是在扩散到南美洲之后在中新世发生了一次主要的多样化。这项研究进一步证明，迁移到新热带地区是其生物多样性历史组合中的一个重要因素。此外，研究表明系统发育模式与在月桂属和印加属中发现的模式相当，并且对这些属进行更密切的比较是有必要的。
