Rahman Roslan Abdul, Ramli Roszalina, Rahman Normastura Abdul, Hussaini Haizal Mohd, Idrus Sharifah Munirah Ai, Hamid Abdul Latif Abdul
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry and Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jun;71(6):929-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.03.003. Epub 2007 Apr 17.
Maxillofacial trauma in children is not common worldwide. Domestic injuries are frequently seen in younger children while older children are mostly involved in motor vehicle accidents (MVA). The objective of this study was to analyze the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in pediatric patients referred to three government main hospitals in different areas of West Malaysia.
Patients' records of three selected hospitals in Malaysia (National University of Malaysia Hospital, Kajang Hospital and Seremban Hospital) from January 1999 to December 2001 were reviewed. Data associated with demographics, etiology of injury in relation to age group, type of injuries whether soft tissues of hard tissue in relation to age group and treatment modalities were collected.
A total of 521 pediatric patients' records were reviewed. Malays made up the majority of patients with maxillofacial injuries in the three hospitals. Males outnumbered females in all the three hospitals. Injuries commonly occur in the 11-16 years old. MVA was the most common etiology followed by fall and assault. Soft tissue injuries were the most common type of injuries in all the hospitals. In relation to fractures, mandible was the most common bone to fracture with condyle being the most common site. Orbital fracture was the most common fracture in the midfacial area. Most of the fractures were managed conservatively especially in the younger age groups. Open reduction with or without internal fixation was more frequently carried out in the 11-16 years old group.
Children exhibit different pattern of clinical features depending on the etiology and stage of their bone maturation. A dedicated team, who is competent in trauma and aware of the unique anatomy, physical and psychological characteristics of children, should manage pediatric patient with trauma.
儿童颌面部创伤在全球并不常见。年幼患儿常发生家庭意外伤害，而年长儿童大多卷入机动车事故（MVA）。本研究的目的是分析转诊至马来西亚西部不同地区三家政府主要医院的儿科患者颌面部损伤的模式。
回顾了1999年1月至2001年12月马来西亚三家选定医院（马来西亚国立大学医院、加影医院和芙蓉医院）患者的记录。收集了与人口统计学、与年龄组相关的损伤病因、与年龄组相关的硬组织或软组织损伤类型以及治疗方式有关的数据。
共回顾了521例儿科患者的记录。在这三家医院中，马来人占颌面部损伤患者的大多数。在所有三家医院中，男性患者数量均多于女性。损伤常见于11 - 16岁的儿童。机动车事故是最常见的病因，其次是跌倒和袭击。软组织损伤是所有医院中最常见的损伤类型。关于骨折，下颌骨是最常发生骨折的骨头，髁突是最常见的骨折部位。眼眶骨折是面中部最常见的骨折。大多数骨折采用保守治疗，尤其是在年龄较小的组中。11 - 16岁组更频繁地进行切开复位内固定或单纯切开复位。
儿童根据其骨骼成熟的病因和阶段表现出不同的临床特征模式。应由一个在创伤方面有能力且了解儿童独特解剖、身体和心理特征的专业团队来管理创伤儿科患者。
