Frank Lawrence, Kerr Jacqueline, Chapman Jim, Sallis James
School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 235-1933 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Canada.
Am J Health Promot. 2007 Mar-Apr;21(4 Suppl):305-11. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.305.
To assess the relationship among objectively measured urban form variables, age, and walking in youth.
Cross-sectional analyses of travel diary data mapped against urban form characteristics within a 1-km buffer of participant's place of residence. Setting. Youth in the Atlanta, Georgia region with selection stratified by income, household size, and residential density.
A total of 3161 5- to 20-year-olds who completed 2-day travel diaries. Diaries of those under 15 years were completed by a parent or legal guardian.
Walking distances were calculated from a 2-day travel diary. Residential density, intersection density, land use mix, and commercial and recreation space were assessed within a 1-km network distance around residences. Analysis. Logistic regression analyses were performed for each urban form variable by age groups controlling for the demographic variables. All variables were then entered simultaneously into an analysis of the whole sample.
All five urban form variables tested were related to walking. Recreation space was the only variables associated with walking across the four different age groups. All the urban form variables were related to walking in the 12 to 15 years age cohort. For this group, the odds of walking were 3. 7 times greater for those in highest- versus lowest-density tertile and 2.6 times greater for those with at least one commercial and 2.5 times greater for those with at least one recreational destination within 1 km from home. In the analysis of the full sample, number of cars, recreation space, and residential density were most strongly related to walking.
Access to recreation or open space was the most important urban form variable related to walking for all age groups. Children aged 12 to 15 years old may be particularly influenced by urban form.
评估客观测量的城市形态变量、年龄与青少年步行之间的关系。
对旅行日记数据进行横断面分析，并将其与参与者居住地1公里缓冲区内的城市形态特征进行映射。地点。佐治亚州亚特兰大地区的青少年，按收入、家庭规模和居住密度进行分层抽样。
共有3161名5至20岁的青少年完成了为期2天的旅行日记。15岁以下青少年的日记由父母或法定监护人完成。
根据为期2天的旅行日记计算步行距离。在住宅周围1公里网络距离内评估居住密度、交叉口密度、土地利用混合情况以及商业和娱乐空间。分析。按年龄组对每个城市形态变量进行逻辑回归分析，并控制人口统计学变量。然后将所有变量同时纳入整个样本的分析中。
所测试的所有五个城市形态变量均与步行有关。娱乐空间是唯一一个在四个不同年龄组中都与步行相关的变量。所有城市形态变量都与12至15岁年龄组的步行有关。对于这个年龄组，居住密度最高三分位数的人与最低三分位数的人相比，步行的几率高出3.7倍；离家1公里范围内至少有一个商业区的人步行几率高出2.6倍，至少有一个娱乐场所的人步行几率高出2.5倍。在对整个样本的分析中，汽车数量、娱乐空间和居住密度与步行的相关性最强。
对于所有年龄组来说，获得娱乐或开放空间是与步行相关的最重要的城市形态变量。12至15岁的儿童可能特别受城市形态的影响。
