Mäki-Petäys H, Corander J, Aalto J, Liukkonen T, Helle P, Orell M
Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
J Evol Biol. 2007 May;20(3):865-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01314.x.
Sex-biased dispersal is often connected to the mating behaviour of the species. Even if patterns of natal dispersal are reasonably well documented for monogamous birds, only a few data are available for polygynous and especially lekking species. We investigated the dispersal of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) by examining sex-specific gene flow among the leks. Genetic information was extracted using nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers for sexed faecal samples and analysed by novel Bayesian statistical methods. Contrary to the traditional view that the males are highly philopatric and female is the dispersing sex, we found roughly equivalent gross and effective dispersal of the sexes. The level of polygamy has a strong influence on the effective population size and on the effective dispersal. The results do not support the theories that dispersal evolves solely as a result of resource competition or other advantages to males obtained through kin selection in lekking species.
性别偏向的扩散通常与物种的交配行为相关。即使对于一夫一妻制鸟类的出生扩散模式已有较为充分的记录，但关于多配偶制尤其是求偶场物种的相关数据却很少。我们通过研究求偶场间特定性别的基因流动来调查黑琴鸡（Tetrao urogallus）的扩散情况。利用核分子标记和线粒体分子标记从已确定性别的粪便样本中提取遗传信息，并采用新颖的贝叶斯统计方法进行分析。与传统观点认为雄性高度留居而雌性为扩散性别的看法相反，我们发现两性的总体扩散和有效扩散大致相当。多配偶制水平对有效种群大小和有效扩散有强烈影响。这些结果并不支持以下理论，即扩散仅仅是资源竞争的结果，或者是求偶场物种中雄性通过亲缘选择获得的其他优势导致的。
