儿童和成人的注意力范围、注意力控制与智力
Scope of attention, control of attention, and intelligence in children and adults.
作者信息
Cowan Nelson, Fristoe Nathanael M, Elliott Emily M, Brunner Ryan P, Saults J Scott
机构信息
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 18 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
出版信息
Mem Cognit. 2006 Dec;34(8):1754-68. doi: 10.3758/bf03195936.
Recent experimentation has shown that cognitive aptitude measures are predicted by tests of the scope of an individual's attention or capacity in simple working memory tasks and also by the ability to control attention. However, these experiments do not indicate how separate or related the scope and control of attention are. An experiment with 52 children (10 to 11 years old) and 52 college students included measures of the scope and control of attention, as well as verbal and nonverbal aptitude measures. The children showed little evidence of using sophisticated attentional control, but the scope of attention predicted intelligence in that group. In adults, both the scope and control of attention varied among individuals and accounted for considerable individual variance in intelligence. About one third that variance was shared between scope an d control, and the rest was unique to one or the other. Scope and control of attention appear to be related but distinct contributors to intelligence.
最近的实验表明，认知能力测量可通过个体在简单工作记忆任务中的注意力范围或容量测试以及控制注意力的能力来预测。然而，这些实验并未表明注意力的范围和控制是如何相互独立或关联的。一项针对52名儿童（10至11岁）和52名大学生的实验，纳入了注意力范围和控制的测量，以及言语和非言语能力测量。儿童几乎没有证据表明他们使用了复杂的注意力控制，但该组中注意力范围可预测智力。在成年人中，注意力的范围和控制在个体之间存在差异，并在智力方面导致了相当大的个体差异。该差异中约三分之一由范围和控制共同导致，其余则分别由其中之一导致。注意力的范围和控制似乎是与智力相关但又有所不同的因素。
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