不同的激酶通过GH3细胞中的去极化作用来调节电压依赖性钙通道的激活。
Different kinases regulate activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by depolarization in GH3 cells.
作者信息
Vela Jorge, Pérez-Millán María Inés, Becu-Villalobos Damasia, Díaz-Torga Graciela
机构信息
Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, V. Obligado 2490, (1428Buenos Aires, Argentina.
出版信息
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):C951-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00429.2006. Epub 2007 May 16.
The L-type Ca(2+) channel is the primary voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-influx pathway in many excitable and secretory cells, and direct phosphorylation by different kinases is one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of its activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of Ser/Thr kinases and tyrosine kinases (TKs) in depolarization-induced Ca(2+) influx in the endocrine somatomammotrope cell line GH3. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (Ca(2+)) was measured using a spectrofluorometric method with fura 2-AM, and 12.5 mM KCl (K(+)) was used as a depolarization stimulus. K(+) induced an abrupt spike (peak) in Ca(2+) that was abolished in the presence of nifedipine, showing that K(+) enhances Ca(2+), preferably activating L-type Ca(2+) channels. H89, a selective PKA inhibitor, significantly reduced depolarization-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in a concentration-related manner when it was applied before or after K(+), and okadaic acid, an inhibitor of Ser/Thr phosphatases, which has been shown to regulate PKA-stimulated L-type Ca(2+) channels, increased K(+)-induced Ca(2+) entry. When PKC was activated by PMA, the K(+)-evoked peak in Ca(2+), as well as the plateau phase, was significantly reduced, and chelerythrine (a PKC inhibitor) potentiated the K(+)-induced increase in Ca(2+), indicating an inhibitory role of PKC in voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) activity. Genistein, a TK inhibitor, reduced the K(+)-evoked increase in Ca(2+), but, unexpectedly, the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor orthovanadate reduced not only basal Ca(2+) levels but, also, Ca(2+) influx during the plateau phase. Both results suggest that different TKs may act differentially on VDCC activation. Activation of receptor TKs with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor potentiated K(+)-induced Ca(2+) influx, and AG-1478 (an EGF receptor inhibitor) decreased it. However, inhibition of the non-receptor TK pp60 c-Src enhanced K(+)-induced Ca(2+) influx. The present study strongly demonstrates that a complex equilibrium among different kinases and phosphatases regulates VDCC activity in the pituitary cell line GH3: PKA and receptor TKs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and EGF receptor, enhance depolarization-induced Ca(2+) influx, whereas PKC and c-Src have an inhibitory effect. These kinases modulate membrane depolarization and may therefore participate in the regulation of a plethora of intracellular processes, such as hormone secretion, gene expression, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation, in pituitary cells.
L型Ca(2+)通道是许多可兴奋细胞和分泌细胞中主要的电压依赖性Ca(2+)内流途径,不同激酶的直接磷酸化是参与其活性调节的机制之一。本研究的目的是评估丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和酪氨酸激酶(TKs)在内分泌生长激素泌乳素细胞系GH3中去极化诱导的Ca(2+)内流中的作用。使用fura 2-AM通过荧光分光光度法测量细胞内Ca(2+)浓度([Ca(2+)]i),并使用12.5 mM KCl(K(+))作为去极化刺激。K(+)诱导[Ca(2+)]i突然出现峰值,在硝苯地平存在时该峰值消失,表明K(+)增强[Ca(2+)]i,优先激活L型Ca(2+)通道。选择性PKA抑制剂H89在K(+)施加之前或之后应用时,以浓度相关的方式显著降低去极化诱导的Ca(2+)动员,而丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂冈田酸已被证明可调节PKA刺激的L型Ca(2+)通道,增加K(+)诱导的Ca(2+)内流。当PKC被PMA激活时,[Ca(2+)]i中的K(+)诱发峰值以及平台期均显著降低,而白屈菜红碱(一种PKC抑制剂)增强了K(+)诱导的[Ca(2+)]i增加,表明PKC在电压依赖性Ca(2+)通道(VDCC)活性中起抑制作用。TK抑制剂染料木黄酮降低了K(+)诱发的[Ca(2+)]i增加,但出乎意料的是,酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂原钒酸盐不仅降低了基础Ca(2+)水平,还降低了平台期的Ca(2+)内流。这两个结果都表明不同的TKs可能对VDCC激活有不同的作用。用表皮生长因子(EGF)或血管内皮生长因子激活受体TKs可增强K(+)诱导的Ca(2+)内流,而AG-1478(一种EGF受体抑制剂)则降低了这种内流。然而,抑制非受体TK pp60 c-Src增强了K(+)诱导的Ca(2+)内流。本研究有力地证明,不同激酶和磷酸酶之间的复杂平衡调节垂体细胞系GH3中的VDCC活性:PKA和受体TKs,如血管内皮生长因子受体和EGF受体,增强去极化诱导的Ca(2+)内流,而PKC和c-Src具有抑制作用。这些激酶调节膜去极化,因此可能参与垂体细胞中大量细胞内过程的调节,如激素分泌、基因表达、蛋白质合成和细胞增殖。