Effects of long term 2% fish oil supplements on tissue fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and arterial histology in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

The effects of 2% olive oil (OO) or fish oil (FO) (Super epa500) dietary supplementation (9 months) on Japanese "SEA" quail was investigated. The animals were examined for tissue biochemical changes and possible blood vessel fatty deposition. The fatty acids of blood and tissue extracts from heart, liver and fat were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid was markedly decreased in FO treated animals compared to OO or control diet treated animals. Tissue cholesterol and total phospholipids were present in elevated amounts in the heart and liver of FO treated animals. After the 9-month regimen many animals had residual atherosclerotic lesions but the FO treated birds had considerably more fatty streaks and fatty deposition in their large vessels compared to control or OO treated animals. Although the lipid composition of tissues of FO treated animals would indicate that the purported cardioprotective omega-3 fatty acids are enriched in the various tissues examined compared to olive oil and control diet treated animals, the possible detrimental effect of saturated fat, cholesterol, or some other component of the fish oil preparations is suggested from the histological appearance of fatty deposition in the blood vessels (aortae) of these inbred animals. These results in quail are strikingly similar to that seen in the omega-3 FA treated WHHL rabbit (15).