Raucci Angela, Palumbo Roberta, Bianchi Marco E
San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Autoimmunity. 2007 Jun;40(4):285-9. doi: 10.1080/08916930701356978.
When tissues are damaged, they usually heal. The cellular responses towards healing require the prior recognition that damage has occurred. High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is passively released by cells that have died in a traumatic, non-programmed way (necrosis). Several receptors for HMGB1 exist, and upon binding HMGB1 they alert leukocytes to extravasate from the blood into the affected tissue, trigger adaptive immunity and promote the migration and proliferation of cells (including stem cells) to repair the damaged tissue. Significantly, apoptotic cells modify their chromatin so as to bind HMGB1, which is not released. Several cell types (in particular inflammatory cells) when distressed have the ability to secrete HMGB1 actively, via a dedicated pathway, and thus produce a damage signal without dying. Because of its powerful activities, HMGB1 is involved in several disorders, including autoimmune ones.
组织受损后通常会愈合。细胞对愈合的反应需要先识别损伤已经发生。高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）是一种普遍存在的核蛋白，由以创伤性、非程序性方式死亡（坏死）的细胞被动释放。HMGB1有几种受体，与HMGB1结合后，它们会提醒白细胞从血液中渗出进入受影响的组织，触发适应性免疫，并促进细胞（包括干细胞）的迁移和增殖以修复受损组织。值得注意的是，凋亡细胞会修饰其染色质以结合HMGB1，而HMGB1不会被释放。几种细胞类型（特别是炎症细胞）在受到应激时能够通过特定途径主动分泌HMGB1，从而在不死亡的情况下产生损伤信号。由于其强大的活性，HMGB1参与了多种疾病，包括自身免疫性疾病。
