Quanten S, Van Brecht A, Berckmans D
Department of Bio-systems, Division Measure, Model & Manage Bio-responses (M3-Biores), K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Ergonomics. 2007 Mar;50(3):364-78. doi: 10.1080/00140130601049337.
The performance of climate control systems in vehicles becomes more and more important, especially against the background of the important relationship between compartment climate and driver mental condition and, thus, traffic safety. The performance of two different types of climate control systems, an un-air-conditioned heating/cooling device (VW) and an air-conditioning climate control unit (BMW), is compared using modern and practical evaluation techniques quantifying both the dynamic 3-D temperature distribution and the local air refreshment rate. Both systems suffer from considerable temperature gradients: temperature gradients in the U-AC (VW) car up to 8-9 degrees C are encountered, while the AC (BMW) delivers clear improvement resulting in temperature gradients of 5-6 degrees C. The experiments clearly demonstrate the effect of the presence of even a single passenger on the thermal regime, increasing the existing thermal discrepancies in the compartment with 15% independent of ventilation rate. Furthermore, in terms of air refreshment rates in the vehicle compartment, an air-conditioning unit halves the air refreshment time at all positions in the vehicle cabin, delivering a significant improvement in terms of human comfort. Similarly, extra air inlets in the back compartment of a car deliver progress in terms of cabin refreshment rate (93 s down to 50 s).
车辆气候控制系统的性能变得越来越重要，特别是在车厢气候与驾驶员心理状态以及交通安全之间存在重要关系的背景下。使用现代实用的评估技术，对两种不同类型的气候控制系统——非空调加热/冷却装置（大众汽车）和空调气候控制单元（宝马汽车）的性能进行了比较，这些技术可量化动态三维温度分布和局部空气更新率。两种系统都存在相当大的温度梯度：在未配备空调（U-AC，大众汽车）的车辆中，温度梯度可达8-9摄氏度，而配备空调（AC，宝马汽车）的车辆有明显改善，温度梯度为5-6摄氏度。实验清楚地证明了即使只有一名乘客也会对热状态产生影响，使车厢内现有的热差异增加15%，且与通风率无关。此外，就车厢内的空气更新率而言，空调装置使车厢内所有位置的空气更新时间减半，在人体舒适度方面有显著改善。同样，汽车后排车厢的额外进气口在车厢更新率方面也有进步（从93秒降至50秒）。
