Cohn Steven L, Auerbach Andrew D
State University of New York-Downstate, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
J Hosp Med. 2007 May;2(3):174-80. doi: 10.1002/jhm.158.
Various guidelines and risk indices have optimized cardiac risk stratification, and the emphasis has shifted to reducing perioperative risk. This review is an update on invasive (CABG/PCI) and noninvasive (medical therapy with beta-blockers, alpha-agonists, and statins) strategies to reduce cardiac risk for noncardiac surgery and the controversies surrounding their use.