Sabbatani Sergio, Fiorino Sirio
Unità Operativa di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
Infez Med. 2007 Jun;15(2):129-41.
After the discovery of the New World, yellow fever proved to be an important risk factor of morbidity and mortality for Caribbean populations. In the following centuries epidemic risk, expanded by sea trade and travel, progressively reached the settlements in North America and Brazil as well as the Atlantic seaboard of tropical and equatorial Africa. In the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century epidemics of yellow fever were reported in some coastal towns in the Iberian peninsula, French coast, Great Britain and Italy, where, in 1804 at Leghorn, only one epidemic was documented. Prevention and control programs against yellow fever, developed at the beginning of the twentieth century in Cuba and in Panama, were a major breakthrough in understanding definitively its aetiology and pathogenesis. Subsequently, further advances in knowledge of yellow fever epidemiology were obtained when French scientists, working in West and Central Africa, showed that monkeys were major hosts of the yellow fever virus (the wild yellow fever virus), besides man. In addition, advances in research, contributing to the development of vaccines against the yellow fever virus in the first half of the nineteenth century, are reported in this paper.
新大陆被发现后，黄热病被证明是加勒比地区人群发病和死亡的重要风险因素。在接下来的几个世纪里，随着海上贸易和旅行的发展，疫情风险逐渐蔓延到北美和巴西的定居点以及热带和赤道非洲的大西洋沿岸。在18世纪和19世纪上半叶，伊比利亚半岛的一些沿海城镇、法国海岸、英国和意大利都报告了黄热病疫情，其中1804年在里窝那仅记录了一次疫情。20世纪初在古巴和巴拿马制定的黄热病预防和控制计划，是明确了解其病因和发病机制的一项重大突破。随后，在西非和中非工作的法国科学家表明，除了人类之外，猴子也是黄热病病毒（野生黄热病病毒）的主要宿主，这使得黄热病流行病学知识取得了进一步进展。此外，本文还报道了19世纪上半叶在黄热病病毒疫苗研发方面的研究进展。
