Luzio J Paul, Pryor Paul R, Bright Nicholas A
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Aug;8(8):622-32. doi: 10.1038/nrm2217.
Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that receive and degrade macromolecules from the secretory, endocytic, autophagic and phagocytic membrane-trafficking pathways. Live-cell imaging has shown that fusion with lysosomes occurs by both transient and full fusion events, and yeast genetics and mammalian cell-free systems have identified much of the protein machinery that coordinates these fusion events. Many pathogens that hijack the endocytic pathways to enter cells have evolved mechanisms to avoid being degraded by the lysosome. However, the function of lysosomes is not restricted to protein degradation: they also fuse with the plasma membrane during cell injury, as well as having more specialized secretory functions in some cell types.
溶酶体是动态细胞器,可接收并降解来自分泌、内吞、自噬和吞噬膜运输途径的大分子。活细胞成像显示,与溶酶体的融合通过瞬时融合和完全融合事件发生,酵母遗传学和哺乳动物无细胞系统已经鉴定出许多协调这些融合事件的蛋白质机制。许多劫持内吞途径进入细胞的病原体已经进化出避免被溶酶体降解的机制。然而,溶酶体的功能并不局限于蛋白质降解:它们在细胞损伤时也会与质膜融合,并且在某些细胞类型中具有更特殊的分泌功能。