Lungu Ovidiu V, Liu Tao, Waechter Tobias, Willingham Daniel T, Ashe James
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2007 Aug;19(8):1302-15. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1302.
The neural substrate of cognitive control is thought to comprise an evaluative component located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and an executive component in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The control mechanism itself is mainly local, triggered by response conflict (monitored by the ACC) and involving the allocation of executive resources (recruited by the PFC) in a trial-to-trial fashion. However, another way to achieve control would be to use a strategic mechanism based on long-term prediction of upcoming events and on a chronic response strategy that ignores local features of the task. In the current study, we showed that such a strategic control mechanism was based on a functional dissociation or complementary relationship between the ACC and the PFC. When information in the environment was available to make predictions about upcoming stimuli, local task features (e.g., response conflict) were no longer used as a control signal. We suggest that having separate control mechanisms based on local or global task features allows humans to be persistent in pursuing their goals, yet flexible enough to adapt to changes in the environment.
认知控制的神经基质被认为包括位于前扣带回皮质（ACC）的评估成分和前额叶皮质（PFC）的执行成分。控制机制本身主要是局部性的，由反应冲突触发（由ACC监测），并以逐次试验的方式涉及执行资源的分配（由PFC招募）。然而，另一种实现控制的方式是使用一种基于对即将发生事件的长期预测和忽略任务局部特征的慢性反应策略的策略机制。在当前研究中，我们表明这种策略控制机制基于ACC和PFC之间的功能分离或互补关系。当环境中的信息可用于预测即将到来的刺激时，局部任务特征（例如，反应冲突）不再用作控制信号。我们认为，基于局部或全局任务特征具有单独控制机制，使人类能够坚持不懈地追求目标，同时又足够灵活以适应环境变化。
