Merimee T J, Quinn S, Russell B, Riley W
University of Florida Department of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0226.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;293:85-96. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5949-4_8.
Several major differences are noted between males and females in their patterns of growth at puberty. Accelerated pubertal growth in both males and females depends upon the integrity of the GH-receptor system. In males, acceleration of growth results primarily from enhanced sensitivity of the GH-receptor-IGF I system to GH brought about by testosterone. Whether testosterone itself is responsible for this observation is still unclear. Perhaps the initial GH, IGF I peak present in males and absent in females occurs at the time when sleep-related rises of gonadotropins and testosterone begin just prior to puberty. Though the pygmy data certainly supports a relationship between testosterone and the GH-receptor-IGF I axis, the undisputed tall stature of eunuchs remains a puzzle. It is possible that the maturing male gonad secretes another growth factor and/or growth inhibitor in conjunction with testosterone and that it is this unidentified factor which modulates growth. At any rate, acceleration of growth in males results from sensitization or the GH-receptor-IGF I system while growth acceleration in females results almost solely from increased secretion of GH and not sensitization of the system.
在青春期，男性和女性的生长模式存在几个主要差异。男性和女性青春期生长加速都依赖于生长激素受体系统的完整性。在男性中，生长加速主要是由于睾酮使生长激素受体-胰岛素样生长因子I系统对生长激素的敏感性增强。睾酮本身是否对此负责仍不清楚。也许男性中存在而女性中不存在的初始生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子I峰值出现在青春期前促性腺激素和睾酮与睡眠相关的升高开始之时。尽管侏儒症的数据确实支持睾酮与生长激素受体-胰岛素样生长因子I轴之间的关系，但太监无可争议的高身材仍然是一个谜。有可能成熟的男性性腺会与睾酮一起分泌另一种生长因子和/或生长抑制剂，而正是这种未确定的因子调节生长。无论如何，男性的生长加速是由于生长激素受体-胰岛素样生长因子I系统的致敏作用，而女性的生长加速几乎完全是由于生长激素分泌增加，而非该系统的致敏作用。
