Mody Istvan
Department of Neurology NRB1 575D, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Dr S., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
Neurochem Int. 2008 Jan;52(1-2):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.07.010. Epub 2007 Jul 17.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main chemical inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In the central nervous system (CNS) it acts on two distinct types of receptor: an ion channel, i.e., an "ionotropic" receptor permeable to Cl- and HCO3- (GABAA receptors) and a G-protein coupled "metabotropic" receptor that is linked to various effector mechanisms (GABAB receptors). This review will summarize novel developments in the physiology and pharmacology of GABAA receptors (GABAARs), specifically those found outside synapses. The focus will be on a particular combination of GABAAR subunits sensitive to ovarian and adrenal cortical steroid hormone metabolites that are synthesized in the brain (neurosteroids) and to sobriety impairing concentrations of ethanol. These receptors may be the final common pathway for interactions between ethanol and ovarian and stress-related neurosteroids.
γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是大脑中主要的化学抑制性神经递质。在中枢神经系统(CNS)中,它作用于两种不同类型的受体:一种离子通道,即对Cl-和HCO3-通透的“离子otropic”受体(GABAA受体),以及一种与各种效应机制相连的G蛋白偶联“代谢otropic”受体(GABAB受体)。本综述将总结GABAA受体(GABAARs)生理学和药理学方面的新进展,特别是在突触外发现的那些。重点将放在对在大脑中合成的卵巢和肾上腺皮质类固醇激素代谢产物(神经甾体)以及损害清醒状态的乙醇浓度敏感的GABAAR亚基的特定组合上。这些受体可能是乙醇与卵巢和应激相关神经甾体之间相互作用的最终共同途径。