Binaural masking level difference effects in single units of the guinea pig inferior colliculus.

We have studied the masking effects of a binaurally presented noise on the responses to binaural signals recorded from low-frequency cells in the inferior colliculus of the guinea pig. The spike rates to the masker and signal + masker were compared to quantify masking at different interaural time delays of the noise. The signal was a 50-ms tone burst at best frequency or a 50-ms segment of a synthetic vowel presented at the best interaural delay of the unit tested. At each noise masker delay, the noise level was adjusted to obtain a criterion spike difference. In most cases, the level required was lowest at the best delay for the noise. The mean difference between maximum and minimum masked thresholds across the cell population was very similar to the human psychophysical masking level difference under the same signal and masker conditions. In another series of tests, we measured the effect of the noise masker on the temporal pattern of the discharge to the signal. The signal used was a 500-ms segment of the synthetic vowel. In virtually all cases the addition of a continuous noise masker reduced the discharge rate synchronized to the fundamental frequency of the vowel. The degree of this reduction was dependent on the interaural time delay of the noise masker. For most units, maximum reduction was seen when the vowel and noise had the same interaural time delay. The similarity between the masking which we have shown physiologically and the reported in a variety of human psychophysical experiments suggests that the processing at levels up to and including the inferior colliculus contributes to the psychophysical BMLD.