紫锥菊：瘦果的解剖结构、植物化学模式及萌发
Echinacea: anatomy, phytochemical pattern, and germination of the achene.
作者信息
Schulthess B H, Giger E, Baumann T W
机构信息
Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
出版信息
Planta Med. 1991 Aug;57(4):384-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-960123.
The achenes (fruits) of the therapeutically used Echinacea species E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida can be differentiated structurally (shape, anatomy) as well as phytochemically (essential oil components, alkamides). During germination in all three species dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E(10Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (8/9) is mainly formed. Besides this a number of alkamides typical for the root of E. purpurea are synthesized in moderate amounts. Also, alkene derivatives of isovalerianic acid are produced. It is an interesting fact that neither 2-monoene alkalmides nor polyacetylenes could be detected during achene germination.
药用紫锥菊（Echinacea purpurea）、狭叶紫锥菊（E. angustifolia）和淡紫锥菊（E. pallida）的瘦果（果实）在结构上（形状、解剖结构）以及植物化学上（精油成分、酰胺类化合物）都可以相互区分。在这三个物种的种子萌发过程中，主要形成了十二碳-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E(10Z)-四烯酸异丁酰胺（8/9）。除此之外，紫锥菊根中特有的一些酰胺类化合物也会适量合成。同时，还会产生异戊酸的烯烃衍生物。一个有趣的事实是，在瘦果萌发过程中未检测到2-单烯酰胺类化合物和聚乙炔类化合物。
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