Chiwa Masaaki, Kondo Hiroaki, Ebihara Naosuke, Sakugawa Hiroshi
Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 394 Tsubakuro, Sasaguri, Fukuoka 811-2415, Japan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 May;140(1-3):349-60. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9873-1. Epub 2007 Sep 4.
Atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate nitrate (NO3-) and particulate sulfate (SO4(2-)) on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji were measured from November 2002 to October 2003, in order to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic activity on air quality and dry deposited nitrate and sulfate on the surfaces of pine foliage. The results showed that HNO3, SO2 and NO3(-) concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the urban-facing side (1.54, 2.48 and 0.65 microg m(-3), respectively) than the mountain-facing side (0.67, 1.19 and 0.37 microg m(-3), respectively), while SO4(2-) concentrations did not differ significantly between the two sides (urban-facing: 2.80 microg m(-3); mountain-facing: 2.05 microg m(-3)). Indirect estimates of dry deposition rates of nitrate and sulfate to the surfaces of pine foliage based on the measured concentrations approximately agreed with the measured values determined by the foliar rinsing technique in a previous study. It was found that HNO3 was the major source (approximately 80%) of dry deposited nitrate on pine foliage, while the contribution from SO4(2-) was about equal to that from SO2. In conclusion, HNO3 and SO2 appear to be dominant species reflecting higher dry deposition rates of nitrate and sulfate on the urban-facing side compared to the mountain-facing side of Mt. Gokurakuji.
为了评估人为活动对空气质量的影响以及松树叶表面硝酸盐和硫酸盐干沉降情况，于2002年11月至2003年10月对极乐寺山城市一侧和面向山区一侧的大气中硝酸（HNO₃）、二氧化硫（SO₂）、颗粒态硝酸盐（NO₃⁻）和颗粒态硫酸盐（SO₄²⁻）浓度进行了测量。结果表明，城市一侧的HNO₃、SO₂和NO₃⁻浓度（分别为1.54、2.48和0.65微克/立方米）显著高于面向山区一侧（分别为0.67、1.19和0.37微克/立方米）（P < 0.05），而两侧的SO₄²⁻浓度没有显著差异（城市一侧：2.80微克/立方米；面向山区一侧：2.05微克/立方米）。基于测量浓度对硝酸盐和硫酸盐向松树叶表面干沉降速率的间接估计值与先前研究中通过叶面冲洗技术测定的测量值大致相符。研究发现，HNO₃是松树叶表面干沉降硝酸盐的主要来源（约80%），而SO₄²⁻的贡献与SO₂的贡献大致相当。总之，与极乐寺山面向山区一侧相比，HNO₃和SO₂似乎是导致城市一侧硝酸盐和硫酸盐干沉降速率更高的主要物种。
