Hoogland J L
Science. 1982 Mar 26;215(4540):1639-41. doi: 10.1126/science.215.4540.1639.
Black-tailed prairie dogs (Rodentia: Sciuridae: Cynomys ludovicianus) live in colonies composed of contiguous but separate family groups called coteries. During the 6 years that individuals in a colony were observed, they almost nevermated with close genetic relatives. Inbreeding is avoided in four ways: (i) a young male usually leaves his natal coterie before breeding, but his female relatives remain; (ii) an adult male usually leaves his breeding coterie before his daughters mature; (iii) a young female is less likely to come into estrus if her father is in her coterie; and (iv) an estrous female behaviorally avoids mating with a father, son, or brother in her coterie.
黑尾土拨鼠(啮齿目:松鼠科:草原犬鼠属)生活在由相邻但独立的家庭群体(称为小圈)组成的群落中。在对一个群落中的个体进行观察的6年时间里,它们几乎从不与近亲交配。避免近亲繁殖有四种方式:(i)年轻雄性通常在繁殖前离开其出生的小圈,但他的雌性亲属会留下来;(ii)成年雄性通常在其女儿成熟前离开其繁殖小圈;(iii)如果年轻雌性的父亲在她的小圈中,她进入发情期的可能性较小;(iv)处于发情期的雌性会通过行为避免与小圈中的父亲、儿子或兄弟交配。