Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):747-9. doi: 10.1126/science.202.4369.747.
Hydrostatic pressure under the skin of sharks varies with swimming speed. Stress in the skin varies with the internal pressure, and the skin stress controls skin stiffness. Locomotory muscles attach to the skin which is thus a whole-body exotendon whose mechanical advantage in transmitting muscular contraction is greater than that of the endoskeleton.
鲨鱼皮肤下的静水压力随游泳速度而变化。皮肤内的应力随内部压力而变化,而皮肤应力控制着皮肤的硬度。运动肌肉附着在皮肤上,因此皮肤是一个整体的外生肌腱,它在传递肌肉收缩方面的机械优势大于内生骨骼。