Science. 1990 Mar 9;247(4947):1197-205. doi: 10.1126/science.247.4947.1197.
A standard notion of quantum mechanics is that all particles, elementary or composite, must fall into one of two fundamental categories: fermions or bosons. However, it has recently been discovered that there can be quantum particles which are neither fermions nor bosons. Such particles (anyons) can only occur in two spatial dimensions-yet this does not rule out their existence, for they are found as elementary excitations in confined, quasi-two-dimensional condensed-matter systems and may occur in other systems as well. An overview of the argument for the existence of anyons is presented, along with a discussion of their role in condensed-matter physics.
一种标准的量子力学观点认为，所有的粒子，无论是基本的还是复合的，都必须属于两种基本类别之一：费米子或玻色子。然而，最近人们发现，可能存在既不是费米子也不是玻色子的量子粒子。这样的粒子（任意子）只能出现在二维空间中——但这并不能排除它们的存在，因为它们被发现在受限的、准二维凝聚态物质系统中作为基本激发态存在，并且也可能存在于其他系统中。本文概述了存在任意子的论据，并讨论了它们在凝聚态物理中的作用。
