Nagy N, Abari E, D'Haese J, Calheiros C, Heukelbach J, Mencke N, Feldmeier H, Mehlhorn H
Institute of Zoomorphology, Cell Biology and Parasitology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Parasitol Res. 2007 Sep;101 Suppl 2:S233-42. doi: 10.1007/s00436-007-0683-8.
In the present study, the life cycle of Tunga penetrans was established in Wistar rats in the laboratory, and the morphology of the resulting developmental stages was studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. It was seen that the females enter at a nonfertilized stage through the skin of their hosts. Only there the copulation occurs, while females and males brought together in a Petri dish showed no interest in each other. In any way -- fertilized or not -- the females start about 6 days after penetration and hypertrophy with the ejection of eggs. While fertilized eggs proceed to development, the unfertilized ones remain arrested. The eggs are ovoid and measure about 600 x 320 mum. The larvae hatch from the eggs 1-6 days (mean 3-4) after ejection. Formation of larvae 2 took at least another day, while 4 up to 10 days more were needed until this larva starts pupation (mean 5-7 days). The formation of the adult fleas inside the puparium occurred within 9-15 days (with a maximum hatch at day 12). Adult female fleas having reached the skin of a host start blood sucking within 5 min and prepare to enter the skin. After 24 h, the flea stacked already with two thirds of its body inside the skin. After 40 h, the penetration was completed, and feeding and hypertrophical enlargement started, which was completed on day 6, when eggs became ejected. When studying the morphology of the fleas obtained from different hosts, slight variations were seen, which, however, are not significant for a species separation but may be an indication of the presence of different strains/races or the beginning of such a formation.
在本研究中，穿皮潜蚤的生命周期在实验室的Wistar大鼠中得以建立，并通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对所产生发育阶段的形态进行了研究。可以看到，雌蚤在未受精阶段通过宿主皮肤进入。只有在那里才会发生交配，而将雌蚤和雄蚤放在培养皿中时，它们对彼此没有兴趣。无论是否受精，雌蚤在侵入后约6天开始产卵并肥大。受精卵继续发育，未受精卵则停滞发育。卵呈椭圆形，大小约为600×320微米。幼虫在卵排出后1 - 6天（平均3 - 4天）孵出。幼虫2的形成至少还需要一天，而直到该幼虫开始化蛹（平均5 - 7天）还需要4至10天。蛹内成年蚤的形成在9 - 15天内发生（在第12天孵化最多）。到达宿主皮肤的成年雌蚤在5分钟内开始吸血并准备进入皮肤。24小时后，蚤已将其三分之二的身体埋入皮肤内。40小时后，侵入完成，进食和肥大性增大开始，并在第6天完成，此时开始产卵。在研究从不同宿主获得的蚤的形态时，发现了一些细微差异，然而，这些差异对于物种区分并不显著，但可能表明存在不同的菌株/种族或这种形成的开始。
