Prommer Nicole, Heinicke Katja, Viola Teresa, Cajigal Jorge, Behn Claus, Schmidt Walter F J
Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
High Alt Med Biol. 2007 Fall;8(3):225-35. doi: 10.1089/ham.2007.8309.
Long-term intermittent hypoxia, characterized by several days or weeks at altitude with periodic stays at sea level, is a frequently occurring pattern of life in mountainous countries demanding a good state of physical performance. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a typical South American type of long-term intermittent hypoxia on VO2max at altitude and at sea level. We therefore compared an intermittently exposed group of soldiers (IH) who regularly (6 months) performed hypoxic-normoxic cycles of 11 days at 3550 m and 3 days at sea level with a group of soldiers from sea level (SL, control group) at 0 m and in acute hypoxia at 3550 m. VO2max was determined in both groups 1 day after arrival at altitude and at sea level. At altitude, the decrease in VO2max was less pronounced in IH (10.6 +/- 4.2%) than in SL (14.1 +/- 4.7%). However, no significant differences in VO2max were found between the groups either at sea level or at altitude, although arterial oxygen content (Ca(O(2) )) at maximum exercise was elevated (p < 0.001) in IH compared to SL by 11.7% at sea level and by 8.9% at altitude. This higher Ca(O(2) ) mainly resulted from augmented hemoglobin mass (IH: 836 +/- 103 g, SL: 751 +/- 72 g, p < 0.05) and at altitude also from increased arterial O(2)-saturation. In conclusion, acclimatization to long-term intermittent hypoxia substantially increases Ca(O(2) ), but has no beneficial effects on physical performance either at altitude or at sea level.
长期间歇性缺氧的特点是在高海拔地区停留数天或数周，期间会定期返回海平面，这是多山国家常见的一种生活模式，对身体机能状态要求较高。本研究的目的是确定典型的南美型长期间歇性缺氧对高海拔和海平面处最大摄氧量（VO2max）的影响。因此，我们将一组定期（6个月）进行11天3550米低氧-常氧循环和3天海平面停留的间歇性暴露士兵组（IH）与一组海平面（SL，对照组）士兵（0米处）以及在3550米急性缺氧状态下的士兵组进行了比较。在抵达海拔高度和海平面1天后，测定了两组的VO2max。在海拔高度处，IH组VO2max的下降（10.6±4.2%）比SL组（14.1±4.7%）不那么明显。然而，尽管在最大运动时，IH组的动脉血氧含量（Ca(O₂)）在海平面比SL组升高了11.7%，在海拔高度处升高了8.9%（p<0.001），但两组在海平面或海拔高度处的VO2max均未发现显著差异。这种较高的Ca(O₂)主要是由于血红蛋白量增加（IH组：836±103克，SL组：751±72克，p<0.05），在海拔高度处还由于动脉血氧饱和度增加。总之，适应长期间歇性缺氧可显著增加Ca(O₂)，但对海拔高度或海平面处的身体机能均无有益影响。
