Iberico Carlos, Vansteenwegen Debora, Vervliet Bram, Dirikx Trinette, Marescau Valerie, Hermans Dirk
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2008 Mar;127(3):593-600. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.08.001. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
In this human fear conditioning study, the online development of conditioned US-expectancy to discrete cues and background contexts was measured in two groups. In the paired group (n=30), the CS was systematically followed by an aversive shock (US). In the unpaired group (n=30), CS and US were presented explicitly unpaired. Using US-expectancy ratings, we replicated the basic finding already illustrated in humans with startle modulation. In the paired group, the CS elicited more US-expectancy than the context, whereas in the unpaired group, the context elicited more US-expectancy than the CS. Interestingly, we also observed a trial-by-trial development of conditioning to the context in the unpaired group as indicated by a significant linear trend. This gradual development and the evidence for the role of US-expectancy in contextual fear add to the idea that cued and contextual fear rely on the same basic associative processes.
在这项人类恐惧条件反射研究中，在两组中测量了对离散线索和背景情境的条件性预期结果（US）的在线发展情况。在配对组（n = 30）中，条件刺激（CS）之后系统地跟随厌恶电击（US）。在非配对组（n = 30）中，CS和US明确地不配对呈现。使用预期结果评分，我们复制了在人类中已经通过惊吓调制所展示的基本发现。在配对组中，CS引发的预期结果比情境更多，而在非配对组中，情境引发的预期结果比CS更多。有趣的是，我们还观察到非配对组中对情境的条件反射在逐个试验中发展，这由显著的线性趋势表明。这种逐渐发展以及预期结果在情境恐惧中的作用证据，进一步支持了线索性恐惧和情境性恐惧依赖于相同基本联想过程的观点。
