Shelley Deborah N, Dwyer Evarose, Johnson Carolyn, Wittkowski Knut M, Pfaff Donald W
Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 275, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Horm Behav. 2007 Nov;52(4):546-53. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.07.009. Epub 2007 Jul 26.
Measures of arousal were used to study effects of estradiol and food restriction, and their potential interactions, in ovariectomized female C57Bl/6 mice. It was hypothesized based on a proposed theoretical equation [Pfaff, D.W., 2006a. Brain Arousal and Information Theory. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Pfaff, D.W., (Ed.), 2006b. Knobil and Neill's The Physiology of Reproduction, 3rd edition. Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego] that each treatment would increase arousal-related behaviors and that their combination would further increase arousal behavior. Following baseline testing, animals (n=28) were divided into 3 groups that, in different experimental phases, received either estradiol (in subcutaneous capsules), restricted diet (a liquid diet providing 60% of daily caloric requirements) or a combination of those two. An automated arousal behavior monitoring system was used to measure home cage voluntary motor activity and sensory responsiveness, these being components of a new operational definition of 'generalized arousal'.
(1) During the light, all treatments reduced voluntary activity. (2) In the dark, estrogens increased, while estrogens in combination with restricted diet decreased, horizontal activity. (3) In the dark, restricted diet alone had little effect on voluntary activity, but reduced it when combined with estrogen treatment. (4) All treatments reduced responses to the olfactory stimulus. The dependence of results on time of day was unexpected. Further, different patterns of results for the three treatments suggest that estrogens and food restriction did not have equivalent or additive effects on arousal. While contrary to the main prediction, these findings are discussed in terms of the animals' adaptive preparations for reproduction [Schneider, J.E., 2006. Metabolic and hormonal control of the desire for food and sex: implications for obesity and eating disorders. Horm. Behav. 50, 562-571].
采用觉醒测量方法研究雌二醇和食物限制及其潜在相互作用对去卵巢雌性C57Bl/6小鼠的影响。基于一个提出的理论方程[Pfaff, D.W., 2006a.《大脑觉醒与信息理论》。哈佛大学出版社，剑桥；Pfaff, D.W., (编), 2006b.《诺布尔和尼尔生殖生理学》，第3版。爱思唯尔/学术出版社，圣地亚哥]进行假设，即每种处理都会增加与觉醒相关的行为，且它们的组合会进一步增加觉醒行为。在基线测试后，将动物（n = 28）分为3组，在不同实验阶段分别接受雌二醇（皮下胶囊）、限制饮食（提供每日热量需求60%的流质饮食）或两者的组合。使用自动觉醒行为监测系统测量笼内自愿运动活动和感觉反应性，这些是“广义觉醒”新操作定义的组成部分。
(1) 在光照期间，所有处理均降低了自愿活动。(2) 在黑暗中，雌激素增加了水平活动，而雌激素与限制饮食联合使用则降低了水平活动。(3) 在黑暗中，单独的限制饮食对自愿活动影响不大，但与雌激素处理联合使用时会降低自愿活动。(4) 所有处理均降低了对嗅觉刺激的反应。结果对一天中时间的依赖性出乎意料。此外，三种处理的不同结果模式表明，雌激素和食物限制对觉醒没有等效或相加作用。虽然与主要预测相反，但根据动物对繁殖的适应性准备来讨论这些发现[Schneider, J.E., 2006. 食物和性欲望的代谢和激素控制：对肥胖和饮食失调的影响。《激素与行为》50, 562 - 571]。
