Oladeji Olawale O, O'Connor George A, Brinton Scott R
Crop and Soil Science Department, 512 Plant and Soil Science Bldg., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2008 Sep;88(4):1593-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.08.001. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
Water treatment residuals (WTR) can reduce runoff P loss and surface co-application of P-sources and WTR is a practical way of land applying the residuals. In a rainfall simulation study, we evaluated the effects of surface co-applied P-sources and an Al-WTR on runoff and leacheate bioavailable P (BAP) losses from a Florida sand. Four P-sources, namely poultry manure, Boca Raton biosolids (high water-soluble P), Pompano biosolids (moderate water-soluble P), and triple super phosphate (TSP) were surface applied at 56 and 224 kg P ha(-1) (by weight) to represent low and high soil P loads typical of P- and N-based amendments rates. The treatments further received surface applied WTR at 0 or 10 g WTR kg(-1) soil. BAP loss masses were greater in leachate (16.4-536 mg) than in runoff (0.91-46 mg), but were reduced in runoff and leachate by surface applied WTR. Masses of total BAP lost in the presence of surface applied WTR were less than approximately 75% of BAP losses in the absence of WTR. Total BAP losses from each of the organic sources applied at N-based rates were not greater than P loss from TSP applied at a P-based rate. The BAP loss at the N-based rate of moderate water-soluble P-source (Pompano biosolids) was not greater than BAP losses at the P-based rates of other organic sources tested. The hazards of excess P from applying organic P-sources at N-based rates are not greater than observed at P-based rates of mineral fertilizer. Results suggest that management of the environmental P hazards associated with N-based rates of organic materials in Florida sands is possible by either applying P-sources with WTR or using a moderate water-soluble P-source.
水处理残余物（WTR）能够减少径流中磷的流失，且将磷源与WTR进行地表共同施用是一种对残余物进行土地施用的实用方法。在一项降雨模拟研究中，我们评估了地表共同施用磷源和铝基WTR对佛罗里达砂土径流和渗滤液中生物可利用磷（BAP）流失的影响。四种磷源，即家禽粪便、博卡拉顿生物固体（高水溶性磷）、庞帕诺生物固体（中等水溶性磷）和重过磷酸钙（TSP），以56和224 kg P ha⁻¹（按重量计）进行地表施用，以代表基于磷和氮的施肥率下典型的低土壤磷负荷和高土壤磷负荷。这些处理还分别以0或10 g WTR kg⁻¹土壤的量进行地表施用WTR。渗滤液中BAP的流失量（16.4 - 536 mg）大于径流中的流失量（0.91 - 46 mg），但地表施用WTR可减少径流和渗滤液中BAP的流失。在地表施用WTR的情况下，总BAP流失量不到无WTR时BAP流失量的约75%。以氮为基础施用的各有机源的总BAP流失量不大于以磷为基础施用的TSP的磷流失量。中等水溶性磷源（庞帕诺生物固体）以氮为基础施用时的BAP流失量不大于其他受试有机源以磷为基础施用时的BAP流失量。以氮为基础施用有机磷源时过量磷的危害不大于以磷为基础施用矿物肥料时所观察到的危害。结果表明，通过将磷源与WTR一起施用或使用中等水溶性磷源，有可能管理佛罗里达砂土中与以氮为基础施用有机材料相关的环境磷危害。
