Goldberg Emma E, Lande Russell
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92903, USA.
Am Nat. 2007 Aug;170(2):297-304. doi: 10.1086/518946. Epub 2007 Jun 11.
Range limits of species are determined by combined effects of physical, historical, ecological, and evolutionary forces. We consider a subset of these factors by using spatial models of competition, hybridization, and local adaptation to examine the effects of partial dispersal barriers on the locations of borders between similar species. Prompted by results from population genetic models and biogeographic observations, we investigate the conditions under which species' borders are attracted to regions of reduced dispersal. For borders maintained by competition or hybridization, we find that dispersal barriers can attract borders whose positions would otherwise be either neutrally stable or moving across space. Borders affected strongly by local adaptation and gene flow, however, are repelled from dispersal barriers. These models illustrate how particular biotic and abiotic factors may combine to limit species' ranges, and they help to elucidate mechanisms by which range limits of many species may coincide.
物种的分布范围界限是由物理、历史、生态和进化力量的综合作用所决定的。我们通过使用竞争、杂交和局部适应的空间模型来考虑这些因素的一个子集，以检验部分扩散障碍对相似物种之间边界位置的影响。受种群遗传模型和生物地理学观察结果的启发，我们研究了物种边界被吸引到扩散减少区域的条件。对于由竞争或杂交维持的边界，我们发现扩散障碍可以吸引那些位置原本要么是中性稳定要么在空间中移动的边界。然而，受局部适应和基因流强烈影响的边界会被扩散障碍排斥。这些模型说明了特定的生物和非生物因素可能如何结合起来限制物种的分布范围，并且它们有助于阐明许多物种的分布范围界限可能重合的机制。
