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风曳花冠促进自花授粉:一种延迟自花授粉的新机制。

Wind-dragged corolla enhances self-pollination: a new mechanism of delayed self-pollination.

作者信息

Qu Rongming, Li Xiaojie, Luo Yibo, Dong Ming, Xu Huanli, Chen Xuan, Dafni Amots

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.

出版信息

Ann Bot. 2007 Dec;100(6):1155-64. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcm209. Epub 2007 Sep 18.

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Delayed self-pollination is a mechanism that allows animal-pollinated plants to outcross while ensuring seed production in the absence of pollinators. This study aims to explore a new mechanism of delayed self-pollination facilitated by wind-driven corolla abscission in Incarvillea sinensis var. sinensis.

METHODS

Floral morphology and development, and the process of delayed self-pollination were surveyed. Experiments dealing with pollinator and wind exclusion, pollination manipulations, and pollinator observations were conducted in the field.

KEY RESULTS

Delayed self-pollination occurs when the abscising corolla driven by wind drags the adherent epipetalous stamens, thus leading to contact of anthers with stigma in late anthesis. There is no dichogamy and self-incompatibility in this species. The significantly higher proportion of abscised corolla under natural conditions as compared with that in wind-excluding tents indicates the importance of wind in corolla abscission. When pollinators were excluded, corolla abscission significantly increased the number of pollen grains deposited on the stigma and, as a result, the fruit and seed set. Only half of the flowers in plots were visited by pollinators, and the fruit set of emasculated flowers was significantly lower than that of untreated flowers in open pollination. This species has a sensitive stigma, and its two open stigmatic lobes closed soon after being touched by a pollinator, but always reopened if no or only little pollen was deposited.

CONCLUSIONS

This delayed self-pollination, which involved the movement of floral parts, the active participation of the wind and sensitive stigma, is quite different from that reported previously. This mechanism provides reproductive assurance for this species. The sensitive stigma contributes to ensuring seed production and reducing the interference of selfing with outcrossing. The pollination pattern, which combines actions by bees with indirect participation by wind, is also a new addition to ambophily.

摘要

背景与目的

延迟自花授粉是一种机制,能使虫媒传粉植物实现异花授粉,同时确保在缺乏传粉者的情况下产生种子。本研究旨在探究中国铁线莲变种中由风力驱动花冠脱落促进延迟自花授粉的新机制。

方法

对花的形态与发育以及延迟自花授粉过程进行了调查。在田间进行了传粉者排除和风力排除、授粉操作以及传粉者观察等实验。

关键结果

当被风吹落的花冠拖动附着的花瓣雄蕊时,延迟自花授粉发生,从而导致花药在花期后期与柱头接触。该物种不存在雌雄异熟和自交不亲和现象。与在防风帐篷中的情况相比,自然条件下脱落花冠的比例显著更高,这表明风在花冠脱落中具有重要作用。当排除传粉者时,花冠脱落显著增加了落在柱头上的花粉粒数量,进而提高了果实和种子的结实率。在开放授粉中,只有一半的花朵被传粉者访问,去雄花的结实率显著低于未处理花的结实率。该物种的柱头敏感,传粉者触碰后其两个开放的柱头裂片会很快闭合,但如果没有或只有少量花粉沉积,柱头裂片总会重新张开。

结论

这种涉及花部运动、风的积极参与和敏感柱头的延迟自花授粉与先前报道的情况有很大不同。这种机制为该物种提供了繁殖保障。敏感柱头有助于确保种子产生并减少自交对异花授粉的干扰。结合蜜蜂传粉与风的间接参与的授粉模式也是对兼性传粉的新补充。

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