前往热带高风险地区的西班牙旅行者：机场旅行健康知识、态度及疫苗接种与疟疾预防实践调查

Spanish travelers to high-risk areas in the tropics: airport survey of travel health knowledge, attitudes, and practices in vaccination and malaria prevention.

作者信息

Lopez-Velez Rogelio, Bayas Jose-Maria

机构信息

Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

出版信息

J Travel Med. 2007 Sep-Oct;14(5):297-305. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00142.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00142.x

PMID:17883460

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate travel health knowledge, attitudes, and practices on vaccination and malaria prevention among Spanish travelers to the tropics.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the departure lounge of the two main Spanish international airports in the summer of 2004. A questionnaire was administered to 1,206 Spanish citizens traveling to high-risk areas of tropical South America, 635 travelers (52.6%); Southeast Asia, 251 (20.8%); Sub-Saharan Africa, 181 (15.0%), and the Indian subcontinent, 139 (11.6%). Risk areas were defined according to published sources. Travelers were asked about their attitudes to travel vaccines and malaria prophylaxis and whether they had received either or both on this or previous trips. Adequate malaria prophylaxis was considered as the correct drugs for the destination as indicated by the World Health Organization.

RESULTS

Fifty-eight percent of travelers were male and the mean age was 38 years. Thirty-six percent were traveling to tropical areas for the first time. The main reason for travel was tourism (82%) or business (12%). The mean time preparing the trip was 39 days; 73% looked for information a mean of 19 days in advance and 54% were advised in travelers' clinics. Fifty-five percent received no travel vaccines. A total of 48.1% of tourists and 30.1% of business travelers were vaccinated (p<0.00006). The most frequent vaccines administered were as follows: typhoid fever, 32%; yellow fever, 29%; tetanus-diphtheria, 24%; and hepatitis A, 14%. Malaria prophylaxis was taken by 422 travelers including mefloquine (44%), atovaquone-proguanil (17%), chloroquine (16%), chloroquine-proguanil (15%), doxycycline (3%), and unknown (5%).

CONCLUSIONS

More than half of travelers to risk areas received no vaccinations before the trip. More than a third of travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa received no malaria prophylaxis.

摘要

目的

评估前往热带地区的西班牙旅行者在疫苗接种和疟疾预防方面的旅行健康知识、态度和行为。

方法

2004年夏季，在西班牙两个主要国际机场的出发大厅进行了一项横断面调查。对1206名前往热带南美洲高危地区的西班牙公民进行了问卷调查，其中前往南美洲的有635人（52.6%）；东南亚，251人（20.8%）；撒哈拉以南非洲，181人（15.0%）；印度次大陆，139人（11.6%）。风险地区根据已发表的资料确定。询问旅行者对旅行疫苗和疟疾预防的态度，以及他们在本次或之前的旅行中是否接受过其中一种或两种预防措施。世界卫生组织指出，适当的疟疾预防措施是针对目的地的正确药物。

结果

58%的旅行者为男性，平均年龄为38岁。36%的人是首次前往热带地区。旅行的主要原因是旅游（82%）或商务（12%）。准备旅行的平均时间为39天；73%的人平均提前19天寻找信息，54%的人在旅行者诊所得到了建议。55%的人没有接种旅行疫苗。共有48.1%的游客和30.1%的商务旅行者接种了疫苗（p<0.00006）。最常接种的疫苗如下：伤寒疫苗，32%；黄热病疫苗，29%；破伤风-白喉疫苗，24%；甲型肝炎疫苗，14%。422名旅行者采取了疟疾预防措施，包括甲氟喹（44%）、阿托伐醌-氯胍（17%）、氯喹（16%）、氯喹-氯胍（15%）、强力霉素（3%）和不明药物（5%）。