Tanenhaus Michael K, Brown-Schmidt Sarah
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008 Mar 12;363(1493):1105-22. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2162.
The authors argue that a more complete understanding of how people produce and comprehend language will require investigating real-time spoken-language processing in natural tasks, including those that require goal-oriented unscripted conversation. One promising methodology for such studies is monitoring eye movements as speakers and listeners perform natural tasks. Three lines of research that adopt this approach are reviewed: (i) spoken word recognition in continuous speech, (ii) reference resolution in real-world contexts, and (iii) real-time language processing in interactive conversation. In each domain, results emerge that provide insights which would otherwise be difficult to obtain. These results extend and, in some cases, challenge standard assumptions about language processing.
作者认为，要更全面地理解人们如何生成和理解语言，就需要在自然任务中研究实时口语处理，包括那些需要进行目标导向的即席对话的任务。进行此类研究的一种有前景的方法是在说话者和倾听者执行自然任务时监测眼动。本文回顾了采用这种方法的三条研究路线：（i）连续语音中的口语单词识别，（ii）现实世界语境中的指称消解，以及（iii）互动对话中的实时语言处理。在每个领域，都得出了一些结果，这些结果提供了一些见解，否则很难获得。这些结果扩展了，并且在某些情况下，挑战了关于语言处理的标准假设。
