Wileman Thomas
Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of East Anglia, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2007;61:149-67. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090836.
Virus replication and virus assembly often occur in virus inclusions or virus factories that form at pericentriolar sites close to the microtubule organizing center or in specialized nuclear domains called ND10/PML bodies. Similar inclusions called aggresomes form in response to protein aggregation. Protein aggregates are toxic to cells and are transported along microtubules to aggresomes for immobilization and subsequent degradation by proteasomes and/or autophagy. The similarity between aggresomes and virus inclusions raises the possibility that viruses use aggresome pathways to concentrate cellular and viral proteins to facilitate replication and assembly. Alternatively, aggresomes may be part of an innate cellular response that recognizes virus components as foreign or misfolded and targets them for storage and degradation. Insights into the possible roles played by aggresomes during virus assembly are emerging from an understanding of how virus inclusions form and how viral proteins are targeted to them.
病毒复制和病毒组装通常发生在病毒包涵体或病毒工厂中，这些结构在靠近微管组织中心的中心粒周围位点形成，或在称为ND10/PML小体的特殊核区域中形成。类似的称为聚集体的包涵体是对蛋白质聚集的反应而形成的。蛋白质聚集体对细胞有毒，并沿着微管运输到聚集体中进行固定，随后被蛋白酶体和/或自噬降解。聚集体与病毒包涵体之间的相似性增加了一种可能性，即病毒利用聚集体途径来浓缩细胞和病毒蛋白，以促进复制和组装。或者，聚集体可能是先天性细胞反应的一部分，该反应将病毒成分识别为外来或错误折叠的，并将它们作为储存和降解的目标。对聚集体在病毒组装过程中可能发挥的作用的见解，正来自于对病毒包涵体如何形成以及病毒蛋白如何靶向它们的理解。
