Anke M, Seifert M
Institute of Nutrition and Environment, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Am Steiger 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
Acta Biol Hung. 2007 Sep;58(3):311-24. doi: 10.1556/ABiol.58.2007.3.7.
In 1930, Bortels showed that molybdenum is necessary for nitrogen fixation in Acetobacter, and in 1939 Arnon and Stout reported that molybdenum is essential for life in higher plants. Nitrogenase is the nitrogen-fixing enzyme complex, while nitrate reductase requires molybdenum for its activity. Molybdenum occurs in the earth crust with an abundance of 1.0-1.4 mg/kg. The molybdenum content of the vegetation is determined by the amount of this element in the soil and its pH-value. The weathering soils of granite, porphyry, gneiss and Rotliegendes produce a molybdenum-rich vegetation. Significantly poorer in Mo is the vegetation on loess, diluvial sands, alluvial riverside soils and especially on Keuper and Muschelkalk weathering soils, which produce legumes and, e.g. cauliflower with molybdenum deficiency symptoms. The molybdenum content of the flora decreases with increasing age. Legumes store the highest molybdenum levels in the bulbs of their roots; on average, they accumulate more molybdenum than herbs and grasses do. The danger of molybdenum toxicity in plants is small.
1930年,博泰尔斯证明钼是醋杆菌属中固氮所必需的元素,1939年,阿农和斯托特报告称钼对高等植物的生命至关重要。固氮酶是固氮酶复合物,而硝酸还原酶的活性需要钼。钼在地壳中的丰度为1.0 - 1.4毫克/千克。植被中的钼含量取决于土壤中该元素的含量及其pH值。花岗岩、斑岩、片麻岩和陆相红层的风化土壤产生富含钼的植被。黄土、洪积砂、河漫滩土壤上的植被,尤其是在三叠纪中期和二叠纪中期风化土壤上的植被,钼含量明显较低,这些土壤上生长的豆类植物,如菜花,会出现钼缺乏症状。植物群中的钼含量随着年龄的增长而降低。豆科植物在其根部球茎中储存的钼水平最高;平均而言,它们比草本植物积累更多的钼。植物中钼中毒的风险很小。