Constantin Stéphanie, Wray Susan
Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Endocrinology. 2008 Jan;149(1):279-90. doi: 10.1210/en.2007-0955. Epub 2007 Oct 4.
Pulsatile release of GnRH-1 is essential for secretion of gonadotropin hormones. The frequency of GnRH-1 pulses is regulated during the reproductive cycle by numerous neurotransmitters. Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels have been proposed as a mechanism to integrate the cAMP signal evoked by many neurotransmitters. This study reports the expression of the CNGA2 subunit in GnRH-1 neurons obtained from mouse nasal explants and shows the ability of GnRH-1 neurons to increase their activity in response to forskolin (activator of adenylyl cyclases), or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (inhibitor of phosphodiesterases) even after removal of gamma-aminobutyric acid (A)-ergic input. Next, the endogenous activity of adenylyl cyclases was evaluated as a component of the oscillatory mechanism of GnRH-1 neurons. Inhibition of endogenous activity of adenylyl cyclases did not alter GnRH-1 activity. The potential involvement of CNGA2 subunit in basal or induced activity was tested on GnRH-1 neurons obtained from CNGA2-deficient mice. Without up-regulation of CNGA1 or CNGA3, the absence of functional CNGA2 did not alter either the endogenous GnRH-1 neuronal activity or the response to forskolin, negating CNG channels from cAMP-sensitive mechanisms leading to changes in GnRH-1 neuronal activity. In addition, the potential role of CNGA2 subunit in the synchronization of calcium oscillations previously described was evaluated in GnRH-1 neurons from CNGA2-deficient explants. Synchronized calcium oscillations persisted in CNGA2-deficient GnRH-1 neurons. Taken together, these results indicate that CNGA2 channels are not necessary for either the response of GnRH-1 neurons to cAMP increases or the basal rhythmic activity of GnRH-1 neurons.
促性腺激素释放激素-1(GnRH-1)的脉冲式释放对于促性腺激素的分泌至关重要。在生殖周期中,GnRH-1脉冲的频率受到多种神经递质的调节。环核苷酸门控(CNG)通道被认为是整合多种神经递质诱发的环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)信号的一种机制。本研究报告了从小鼠鼻外植体获得的GnRH-1神经元中环核苷酸门控通道A2(CNGA2)亚基的表达,并表明即使去除γ-氨基丁酸(A)能输入后,GnRH-1神经元仍有能力对福斯可林(腺苷酸环化酶激活剂)或3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(磷酸二酯酶抑制剂)作出反应,从而增加其活性。接下来,评估腺苷酸环化酶的内源性活性作为GnRH-1神经元振荡机制的一个组成部分。抑制腺苷酸环化酶的内源性活性并未改变GnRH-1的活性。在从CNGA2基因缺陷小鼠获得的GnRH-1神经元上测试了CNGA2亚基在基础或诱导活性中的潜在作用。在没有CNGA1或CNGA3上调的情况下,功能性CNGA2的缺失既未改变内源性GnRH-1神经元活性,也未改变对福斯可林的反应,排除了CNG通道参与导致GnRH-1神经元活性变化的cAMP敏感机制。此外,在来自CNGA2基因缺陷外植体的GnRH-1神经元中评估了CNGA2亚基在先前描述的钙振荡同步中的潜在作用。在CNGA2基因缺陷的GnRH-1神经元中,同步钙振荡持续存在。综上所述,这些结果表明,CNGA2通道对于GnRH-1神经元对cAMP增加的反应或GnRH-1神经元的基础节律活动均非必需。