Initiators of interruption in workflow: the role of MDs and RNs.

The healthcare environment has been characterized as interrupt-driven with medical doctors (MDs) and registered nurses (RNs) receiving many interruptions during a shift. Previous research studies have focused on the recipient because of the negative impact on task performance. It is equally important to understand the initiator of an interruption to help design strategies to lessen the number of interruptions and the possible negatives consequences. The purpose of this instrumental study was to examine MDs and RNs as initiators of interruptions. Results of this study indicate that MDs and RNs initiate interruptions most often through face-to-face situations and use of the telephone. Strategies to successfully manage interruptions must consider both the role of initiator as well as the recipient in an interruption event.