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估计两性体型存在差异的鸟类在雄性和雌性后代身上的支出:不同方法的比较。

Estimating expenditure on male and female offspring in a sexually size-dimorphic bird: a comparison of different methods.

作者信息

Magrath Michael J L, van Lieshout Emile, Pen Ido, Visser G Henk, Komdeur Jan

机构信息

Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2007 Nov;76(6):1169-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01292.x.

Abstract

The parents of sexually size-dimorphic offspring are often assumed to invest more resources producing individuals of the larger sex. A range of different methods have been employed to estimate relative expenditure on the sexes, including quantifying sex-specific offspring growth, food intake, energy expenditure and energy intake, in addition to measures of parental food provisioning and energy expenditure. These methods all have the potential to provide useful estimates of relative investment, but each has particular problems of interpretation, and few studies have compared the estimates derived concurrently from more than two of these measures. In this study we compared these surrogate measures of parental investment in the brown songlark Cinclorhamphus cruralis, which exhibits one of the most extreme cases of sexual size dimorphism among birds. At 10 days of age we found that male chicks, on average, were 49% heavier, received 42% more prey items, expended 44% more energy and ingested 50% more metabolizable energy than their sisters. Furthermore, we created, experimentally, both all-male and all-female broods of 10-day-old chicks and found that mothers delivered 43% more prey items and expended 27% more energy when provisioning all-male broods, providing the first direct evidence for a change in parental energy expenditure in relation to brood sex ratio. These data reveal remarkable agreement between these estimates of investment and suggest that all may provide quantitatively useful information on sex allocation. However, the lower variance associated with estimates of relative mass and energy intake suggest that these methods may be of greater utility, although this may primarily reflect the shorter period over which our provisioning data were collected.

摘要

具有性别大小二态性后代的父母通常被认为会投入更多资源来生育体型较大性别的个体。人们采用了一系列不同的方法来估计对不同性别的相对投入,包括量化特定性别的后代生长、食物摄入量、能量消耗和能量摄入,此外还有亲代食物供应和能量消耗的测量方法。这些方法都有可能提供相对投入的有用估计,但每种方法都有特定的解释问题,而且很少有研究比较同时从这些措施中的两种以上得出的估计。在本研究中,我们比较了棕色歌百灵Cinclorhamphus cruralis亲代投资的这些替代指标,该物种表现出鸟类中性别大小二态性最极端的情况之一。在10日龄时,我们发现雄性雏鸟平均比雌性雏鸟重49%,接受的猎物多42%,消耗的能量多44%,摄入的可代谢能量多50%。此外,我们通过实验创建了10日龄雏鸟的全雄和全雌窝,发现母亲在喂养全雄窝时提供的猎物多43%,消耗的能量多27%,这为亲代能量消耗随窝性别比例的变化提供了首个直接证据。这些数据显示这些投资估计之间有显著的一致性,并表明所有这些估计都可能提供关于性别分配的定量有用信息。然而,与相对体重和能量摄入估计相关的较低方差表明,这些方法可能更有用,尽管这可能主要反映了我们收集供应数据的较短时间段。

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