加纳地下金矿矿工的呼吸道症状与肺功能损害
Respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment in underground gold miners in ghana.
作者信息
Bio Fy, Sadhra S, Jackson C, Burge Ps
机构信息
University Health Services, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
出版信息
Ghana Med J. 2007 Jun;41(2):38-47. doi: 10.4314/gmj.v41i2.55292.
SUMMARY BACKGROUND
This is the first study in Ghana in the Obuasi gold mines where the silica content of the respirable dust is 10%, less than in previously studied gold mines, with only 23% of the miners having ever smoked.
OBJECTIVES
The study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory impairment in the Ghanaian gold miner and to quantify the effects of the respirable dust on pulmonary function
DESIGN
A cross sectional epidemiological study
METHOD
The study was carried out using MRC respiratory symptoms questionnaire, spirometry, and personal respirable dust measurements.
RESULTS
A total of 1236 miners were studied. The mean age was 39.7 +/-5.8 (SD) years with a mean of 12.6 +/- 6.7 (SD) years underground service and a mean total cumulative exposure to dust of 10.34 +/-5.61 (SD) mg.m(-3).years. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 21.2% and not clearly related to cumulative exposure. MRC breathlessness grade>/=2 was 31.3%, significantly related to cumulative respirable dust exposure after adjustment of age and smoking. There was however significant reduction in FEF(25-75%) with increasing dust exposure and an interaction with ever smoking. There was no correlation between cumulative exposure to respirable dust and FEV(1) % predicted in any group, suggesting that exposure to respirable silica at a mean level of 0.06 mg/m(3) had no deleterious effect on FEV(1) in a population with little tuberculosis, good housing and a low level of cigarette smoking.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in the Ghanaian gold mine is related more to smoking than any occupational factors.
摘要 背景：这是在加纳奥布阿西金矿开展的第一项研究，该矿可吸入粉尘的二氧化硅含量为10%，低于此前研究过的金矿，且仅有23%的矿工曾经吸烟。
目的
本研究旨在评估加纳金矿工人呼吸功能损害的患病率，并量化可吸入粉尘对肺功能的影响。
设计
一项横断面流行病学研究。
方法
采用医学研究委员会（MRC）呼吸症状问卷、肺功能测定法和个人可吸入粉尘测量开展本研究。
结果
共对1236名矿工进行了研究。平均年龄为39.7±5.8（标准差）岁，平均井下工作年限为12.6±6.7（标准差）年，平均累计粉尘接触量为10.34±5.61（标准差）mg.m⁻³·年。慢性支气管炎的患病率为21.2%，与累计接触量无明显关联。MRC呼吸困难分级≥2级的比例为31.3%，在调整年龄和吸烟因素后，与累计可吸入粉尘接触量显著相关。然而，随着粉尘接触量增加，FEF（25-75%）显著降低，且与曾经吸烟存在交互作用。在任何组中，可吸入粉尘的累计接触量与预计FEV₁%之间均无相关性，这表明在结核病发病率低、住房条件良好且吸烟率低的人群中，平均水平为0.06 mg/m³的可吸入二氧化硅暴露对FEV₁没有有害影响。
结论
加纳金矿中慢性支气管炎的患病率与吸烟的关系比与任何职业因素的关系更大。
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