Williams Alishia D, Moulds Michelle L
School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(7):E26-33. doi: 10.1002/da.20409.
Recent research has demonstrated that intrusive negative autobiographical memories represent a shared phenomenological feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. A preliminary investigation (Starr and Moulds, 2006) successfully applied a cognitive appraisal model of PTSD to the maintenance of intrusive memories in depression. The current investigation sought to replicate and extend these findings. Two hundred and fifty first-year undergraduate students were interviewed to assess for the presence of a negative autobiographical memory that had spontaneously intruded in the past week. Participants completed self-report inventories assessing trait and situational employment of cognitive avoidance mechanisms in response to these memories. Consistent with Starr and Moulds, intrusion-related distress correlated with dysphoria, irrespective of intrusion frequency. Assigning negative appraisals to one's intrusive memory and attempts to control the memory were positively associated with intrusion-related distress, level of depression, and cognitive avoidance mechanisms. Additionally, negative appraisals and control influenced the employment rumination as an avoidant response to a greater degree than the corresponding trait tendency. Finally, negative appraisals and the use of cognitive mechanisms were predictive of depression concurrently. The results support the validity of borrowing from PTSD models to elucidate the cognitive mechanisms that maintain intrusive memories in depressed samples.
近期研究表明，侵入性负面自传体记忆是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和抑郁症共有的现象学特征。一项初步调查（斯塔尔和莫尔兹，2006年）成功地将PTSD的认知评估模型应用于抑郁症中侵入性记忆的维持。当前的调查旨在重复并扩展这些发现。对250名大学一年级学生进行了访谈，以评估在过去一周内是否存在自发侵入的负面自传体记忆。参与者完成了自我报告清单，以评估应对这些记忆时认知回避机制的特质性和情境性运用。与斯塔尔和莫尔兹的研究一致，无论侵入频率如何，与侵入相关的痛苦都与烦躁不安相关。对自己的侵入性记忆进行负面评价以及试图控制记忆，与侵入相关痛苦、抑郁程度和认知回避机制呈正相关。此外，负面评价和控制对反刍思维作为一种回避反应的影响程度，比相应的特质倾向更大。最后，负面评价和认知机制的使用同时可预测抑郁。这些结果支持了借鉴PTSD模型来阐明维持抑郁症患者侵入性记忆的认知机制的有效性。
