铅中毒对号手天鹅和加拿大鹅血液学及生化指标的影响。

The effect of lead poisoning on hematologic and biochemical values in trumpeter swans and Canada geese.

作者信息

Katavolos P, Staempfli S, Sears W, Gancz A Y, Smith D A, Bienzle D

机构信息

Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

出版信息

Vet Clin Pathol. 2007 Dec;36(4):341-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2007.tb00438.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2007.tb00438.x

PMID:18041699

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Lead is a persistent contaminant in the environment, and waterfowl are susceptible to lead toxicity from ingestion of lead pellets and fishing weights. Lead affects numerous physiologic processes through inhibition of enzyme activity and protein function, but its effects on commonly assessed avian blood values are incompletely understood.

OBJECTIVES

Our aim was to evaluate hematologic and biochemical changes associated with blood lead concentrations in trumpeter swans and Canada geese.

METHODS

Data for CBCs, plasma biochemical profiles (total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, total bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT], aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, amylase, and lipase), and whole blood lead concentrations were retrospectively analyzed for 69 trumpeter swans and 52 Canada geese. Laboratory data obtained prospectively from an additional 20 trumpeter swans also were included. RBC morphology was semiquantitated in blood smears from 70 of the birds. Data were analyzed initially by ANOVA and covariance. A statistical model then was constructed to determine the relationship between each parameter and lead concentration.

RESULTS

In both avian species, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, and MCHC decreased significantly (P < .05) with increasing blood lead concentration. Uric acid concentration and GGT activity were increased in trumpeter swans and phosphorus concentration was decreased in Canada geese in association with high blood lead concentration (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Lead toxicosis induced significant changes in the values of commonly measured hematologic parameters in waterfowl. These changes may be useful indicators of severe lead intoxication during routine laboratory assessment. Changes in clinical chemistry values, although statistically significant, were too inconsistent to serve as indicators of lead toxicosis.

摘要

背景

铅是环境中的一种持久性污染物，水禽因摄入铅弹和渔坠而容易受到铅中毒的影响。铅通过抑制酶活性和蛋白质功能影响众多生理过程，但其对常见评估的禽类血液值的影响尚未完全了解。

目的

我们的目的是评估与号手天鹅和加拿大鹅血液铅浓度相关的血液学和生化变化。

方法

对69只号手天鹅和52只加拿大鹅的全血细胞计数（CBC）、血浆生化指标（总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、胆固醇、总胆红素、钙、磷、γ-谷氨酰转移酶[GGT]、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶）以及全血铅浓度数据进行回顾性分析。还纳入了从另外20只号手天鹅前瞻性获得的实验室数据。对70只鸟的血涂片进行红细胞形态半定量分析。数据最初通过方差分析和协方差分析。然后构建一个统计模型来确定每个参数与铅浓度之间的关系。