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[意识与情感]

[Consciousness and emotion].

作者信息

Carton Solange

机构信息

Université Montpellier III Paul-Valéry, Département de Psychologie, Section de Psychologie Clinique, Montpellier, France.

出版信息

Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2007 Dec;5(4):249-60.

Abstract

This article focuses on the processes that lead to awareness of our own emotions, which deserve particular attention in contemporary models of emotional consciousness. The subjective component of emotion, or emotional experience, was for a long time the most neglected aspect in the study of emotions although it already constituted the initial point of discussion in the famous William James still asked question : What is an emotion? More than a century later, contemporary theories debate about this heritage. We examine the successive historic contributions to the question of the determinants of our own emotional experience: from James-Lange bodily changes to cognitive appraisal theories, also relating the major role that the fundamental emotions theory attributed to facial expressions. Twenty years after the debate about primacy of cognition or emotion, both physiological-somatic and cognitive components are integrated in contemporary approaches to emotions. However, their respective degree of implication varies according to the different levels of emotional consciousness which are modelized. It is on the last level that present models focus, level that leads to consciousness of our emotional experience, benefiting from the contributions of cognitive neurosciences. Models differ according to the role devoted to neuronal substrates in determining emotional experience, but they converge on the specification of a last level of consciousness, which is the only one that allows the subject to be conscious of emotion as it is experienced (feeling) and that what he is experiencing is an emotion. Then, different models of emotional consciousness account for different varieties of emotion experience and also for various cases of << unconscious >> emotions, that is occurrence of emotion with a lack of awareness.

摘要

本文聚焦于那些引发我们对自身情绪觉知的过程,在当代情绪意识模型中,这些过程值得特别关注。情绪的主观成分,即情绪体验,长期以来一直是情绪研究中最被忽视的方面,尽管它早已构成了著名的威廉·詹姆斯仍在追问的问题的讨论起点:什么是情绪?一个多世纪后,当代理论仍在就这一传统进行争论。我们审视了对我们自身情绪体验的决定因素这一问题的一系列历史性贡献:从詹姆斯 - 兰格的身体变化理论到认知评估理论,同时也涉及基本情绪理论赋予面部表情的主要作用。在关于认知与情绪何者占主导地位的争论过去二十年后,生理 - 躯体和认知成分在当代情绪研究方法中都得到了整合。然而,它们各自的影响程度会根据被建模的不同情绪意识水平而有所不同。当前模型聚焦于最后一个水平,即那个能引发我们对情绪体验产生意识的水平,这得益于认知神经科学的贡献。不同模型在神经元基质对情绪体验的决定作用上存在差异,但它们在对最后一个意识水平的界定上趋于一致,这是唯一能让主体意识到其所体验到的情绪(感受)以及他正在体验的是一种情绪的水平。然后,不同的情绪意识模型解释了不同种类的情绪体验以及各种“无意识”情绪的情况,即情绪的出现却没有意识伴随。

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